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Evaluate the improper integral from 0 to 1 of 4/x2 dx.

Mathematics

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Answer

Diverges\text{Diverges}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Rewrite the integrand using negative exponents.

    The integral is ∫014x2dx\int_0^1 \frac{4}{x^2} dx.
    We can rewrite 4x2\frac{4}{x^2} as 4x−24x^{-2}.
    So the integral becomes:

    ∫014x−2dx\int_0^1 4x^{-2} dx
  2. Recognize this as an improper integral.

    The integrand f(x)=4x2f(x) = \frac{4}{x^2} is undefined at x=0x=0, which is one of the limits of integration. Therefore, this is an improper integral of Type 2. We evaluate it using a limit:

    ∫014x−2dx=lim⁡a→0+∫a14x−2dx\int_0^1 4x^{-2} dx = \lim_{a \to 0^+} \int_a^1 4x^{-2} dx
  3. Find the antiderivative of 4x−24x^{-2}.

    Using the power rule for integration, ∫xndx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C:

    ∫4x−2dx=4(x−2+1−2+1)=4(x−1−1)=−4x−1=−4x\int 4x^{-2} dx = 4 \left( \frac{x^{-2+1}}{-2+1} \right) = 4 \left( \frac{x^{-1}}{-1} \right) = -4x^{-1} = -\frac{4}{x}
  4. Evaluate the definite integral from aa to 1.

    [−4x]a1=(−41)−(−4a)\left[ -\frac{4}{x} \right]_a^1 = \left( -\frac{4}{1} \right) - \left( -\frac{4}{a} \right) =−4+4a= -4 + \frac{4}{a}
  5. Take the limit as a→0+a \to 0^+.

    lim⁡a→0+(−4+4a)\lim_{a \to 0^+} \left( -4 + \frac{4}{a} \right)

    As aa approaches 0 from the positive side, 4a\frac{4}{a} approaches positive infinity.

    lim⁡a→0+(−4+4a)=−4+∞=∞\lim_{a \to 0^+} \left( -4 + \frac{4}{a} \right) = -4 + \infty = \infty

    Since the limit is ∞\infty, the integral diverges.

    The final answer is Diverges\boxed{\text{Diverges}}.
    Just one more to go today! Send it over.

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