Can you solve it using the matrix form

Mathematics

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Answer

x=−312,y=452,z=21x = -\frac{31}{2}, y = \frac{45}{2}, z = 21

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

Okay, let's solve the system of equations using the augmented matrix form and Gaussian elimination (Gauss-Jordan method).

The given system of equations is:

  1. 2x+2y−z=−72x + 2y - z = -7
  2. x−y+2z=4x - y + 2z = 4
  3. 3x+3y−z=03x + 3y - z = 0
  1. Write the system as an augmented matrix.

    [22−1∣−71−12∣433−1∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 2 & -1 & | & -7 \\ 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 3 & 3 & -1 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}
  2. Perform row operations to transform the matrix into reduced row-echelon form.

    Swap R1R_1 and R2R_2 to get a leading 1 in the first row:

    R1↔R2[1−12∣422−1∣−733−1∣0]R_1 \leftrightarrow R_2 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 2 & 2 & -1 & | & -7 \\ 3 & 3 & -1 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}

    Make the elements below the leading 1 in the first column zero:

    R2−2R1→R2R3−3R1→R3[1−12∣404−5∣−1506−7∣−12]R_2 - 2R_1 \to R_2 \\ R_3 - 3R_1 \to R_3 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 0 & 4 & -5 & | & -15 \\ 0 & 6 & -7 & | & -12 \end{bmatrix}

    Get a leading 1 in the second row, second column:

    14R2→R2[1−12∣401−54∣−15406−7∣−12]\frac{1}{4}R_2 \to R_2 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{5}{4} & | & -\frac{15}{4} \\ 0 & 6 & -7 & | & -12 \end{bmatrix}

    Make the element below the leading 1 in the second column zero:

    R3−6R2→R3[1−12∣401−54∣−1540012∣212]R_3 - 6R_2 \to R_3 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{5}{4} & | & -\frac{15}{4} \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{2} & | & \frac{21}{2} \end{bmatrix}

    Get a leading 1 in the third row, third column:

    2R3→R3[1−12∣401−54∣−154001∣21]2R_3 \to R_3 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 & | & 4 \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{5}{4} & | & -\frac{15}{4} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & 21 \end{bmatrix}

    Make the elements above the leading 1 in the third column zero:

    R2+54R3→R2R1−2R3→R1[1−10∣−38010∣452001∣21]R_2 + \frac{5}{4}R_3 \to R_2 \\ R_1 - 2R_3 \to R_1 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 0 & | & -38 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & \frac{45}{2} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & 21 \end{bmatrix}

    Make the element above the leading 1 in the second column zero:

    R1+R2→R1[100∣−312010∣452001∣21]R_1 + R_2 \to R_1 \\ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & | & -\frac{31}{2} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & \frac{45}{2} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & 21 \end{bmatrix}
  3. Convert the reduced row-echelon form back into a system of equations.

    From the matrix, we can directly read the solution:

    x=−312x = -\frac{31}{2} y=452y = \frac{45}{2} z=21z = 21 x=−312,y=452,z=21x = -\frac{31}{2}, y = \frac{45}{2}, z = 21
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