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Evaluate the limit a = _x o 0 sqrt(1+1+x4)-sqrt(2)x4

Mathematics

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Answer

32

Step-by-step solution

3 steps
  1. Evaluate the limit for aa.

    We have the expression for aa:

    a=lim⁡x→01+1+x4−2x4a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}-\sqrt{2}}{x^4}

    This limit is of the indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}. We multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator, which is 1+1+x4+2\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}:

    a=lim⁡x→0(1+1+x4−2)(1+1+x4+2)x4(1+1+x4+2)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)} a=lim⁡x→0(1+1+x4)−2x4(1+1+x4+2)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+\sqrt{1+x^4}) - 2}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)} a=lim⁡x→01+x4−1x4(1+1+x4+2)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x^4} - 1}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)}

    This is still of the form 00\frac{0}{0}. We multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of 1+x4−1\sqrt{1+x^4}-1, which is 1+x4+1\sqrt{1+x^4}+1:

    a=lim⁡x→0(1+x4−1)(1+x4+1)x4(1+1+x4+2)(1+x4+1)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\sqrt{1+x^4} - 1)(\sqrt{1+x^4} + 1)}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1+x^4}+1)} a=lim⁡x→0(1+x4)−1x4(1+1+x4+2)(1+x4+1)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+x^4) - 1}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1+x^4}+1)} a=lim⁡x→0x4x4(1+1+x4+2)(1+x4+1)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^4}{x^4\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1+x^4}+1)}

    Cancel x4x^4 from the numerator and denominator (since x→0x \to 0, x≠0x \neq 0):

    a=lim⁡x→01(1+1+x4+2)(1+x4+1)a = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1+x^4}+1)}

    Now, substitute x=0x=0:

    a=1(1+1+04+2)(1+04+1)a = \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+0^4}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1+0^4}+1)} a=1(1+1+2)(1+1)a = \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1}}+\sqrt{2}\right)(\sqrt{1}+1)} a=1(1+1+2)(1+1)a = \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{1+1}+\sqrt{2}\right)(1+1)} a=1(2+2)(2)a = \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}\right)(2)} a=1(22)(2)a = \frac{1}{(2\sqrt{2})(2)} a=142a = \frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}

    Rationalize the denominator:

    a=142×22=28a = \frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} \times \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}
  2. Evaluate the limit for bb.

    We have the expression for bb:

    b=lim⁡x→0sin⁡2x2−1+cos⁡xb = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2 x}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1+\cos x}}

    This limit is of the indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}. We multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator, which is 2+1+cos⁡x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x}:

    b=lim⁡x→0sin⁡2x(2+1+cos⁡x)(2−1+cos⁡x)(2+1+cos⁡x)b = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2 x (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})}{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1+\cos x})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})} b=lim⁡x→0sin⁡2x(2+1+cos⁡x)2−(1+cos⁡x)b = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2 x (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})}{2 - (1+\cos x)} b=lim⁡x→0sin⁡2x(2+1+cos⁡x)1−cos⁡xb = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^2 x (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})}{1 - \cos x}

    Use the trigonometric identity sin⁡2x=1−cos⁡2x=(1−cos⁡x)(1+cos⁡x)\sin^2 x = 1 - \cos^2 x = (1-\cos x)(1+\cos x):

    b=lim⁡x→0(1−cos⁡x)(1+cos⁡x)(2+1+cos⁡x)1−cos⁡xb = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1-\cos x)(1+\cos x) (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})}{1 - \cos x}

    Cancel (1−cos⁡x)(1-\cos x) from the numerator and denominator (since x→0x \to 0, 1−cos⁡x≠01-\cos x \neq 0 for xx near 0 but not equal to 0):

    b=lim⁡x→0(1+cos⁡x)(2+1+cos⁡x)b = \lim_{x \to 0} (1+\cos x) (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos x})

    Now, substitute x=0x=0:

    b=(1+cos⁡0)(2+1+cos⁡0)b = (1+\cos 0) (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+\cos 0}) b=(1+1)(2+1+1)b = (1+1) (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1+1}) b=(2)(2+2)b = (2) (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}) b=(2)(22)b = (2) (2\sqrt{2}) b=42b = 4\sqrt{2}
  3. Calculate the value of ab3ab^3.

    Substitute the values of aa and bb we found:

    ab3=(28)(42)3ab^3 = \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) (4\sqrt{2})^3 ab3=(28)(43⋅(2)3)ab^3 = \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) (4^3 \cdot (\sqrt{2})^3) ab3=(28)(64⋅22)ab^3 = \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) (64 \cdot 2\sqrt{2}) ab3=(28)(1282)ab^3 = \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\right) (128\sqrt{2}) ab3=2⋅12828ab^3 = \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 128\sqrt{2}}{8} ab3=128⋅(2)28ab^3 = \frac{128 \cdot (\sqrt{2})^2}{8} ab3=128⋅28ab^3 = \frac{128 \cdot 2}{8} ab3=2568ab^3 = \frac{256}{8} ab3=32ab^3 = 32

    The final answer is 32.

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