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Which of the following function(s) not defined at x=0 has/have irremovable discontinuity at x=0?

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answer

D\text{D}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Analyze function (A) f(x)=1ln⁡∣x∣f(x) = \frac{1}{\ln|x|}.

    The function is not defined at x=0x=0 because ln⁡∣0∣\ln|0| is undefined.
    Let's evaluate the limit as x→0x \to 0:
    As x→0x \to 0, ∣x∣→0+|x| \to 0^+.
    As y→0+y \to 0^+, ln⁡y→−∞\ln y \to -\infty.
    So, lim⁡x→0ln⁡∣x∣=−∞\lim_{x \to 0} \ln|x| = -\infty.
    Therefore, lim⁡x→0f(x)=lim⁡x→01ln⁡∣x∣=1−∞=0\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1}{\ln|x|} = \frac{1}{-\infty} = 0.
    Since the limit exists but the function is not defined at x=0x=0, this is a removable discontinuity.

  2. Analyze function (B) f(x)=cos⁡(∣sin⁡x∣x)f(x) = \cos\left(\frac{|\sin x|}{x}\right).

    The function is not defined at x=0x=0 because the denominator xx is zero.
    Let's evaluate the limit as x→0x \to 0:
    Consider the inner function g(x)=∣sin⁡x∣xg(x) = \frac{|\sin x|}{x}.
    For x>0x > 0 (as x→0+x \to 0^+), sin⁡x>0\sin x > 0, so ∣sin⁡x∣=sin⁡x|\sin x| = \sin x.
    lim⁡x→0+sin⁡xx=1\lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1.
    For x<0x < 0 (as x→0−x \to 0^-), sin⁡x<0\sin x < 0, so ∣sin⁡x∣=−sin⁡x|\sin x| = -\sin x.
    lim⁡x→0−−sin⁡xx=−1\lim_{x \to 0^-} \frac{-\sin x}{x} = -1.
    Now, evaluate the limit of f(x)f(x):
    lim⁡x→0+f(x)=lim⁡x→0+cos⁡(∣sin⁡x∣x)=cos⁡(1)\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \cos\left(\frac{|\sin x|}{x}\right) = \cos(1).
    lim⁡x→0−f(x)=lim⁡x→0−cos⁡(∣sin⁡x∣x)=cos⁡(−1)=cos⁡(1)\lim_{x \to 0^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^-} \cos\left(\frac{|\sin x|}{x}\right) = \cos(-1) = \cos(1).
    Since the left-hand limit and right-hand limit are equal, lim⁡x→0f(x)=cos⁡(1)\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) = \cos(1).
    Since the limit exists but the function is not defined at x=0x=0, this is a removable discontinuity.

  3. Analyze function (C) f(x)=xsin⁡(πx)f(x) = x \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right).

    The function is not defined at x=0x=0 because πx\frac{\pi}{x} is undefined.
    Let's evaluate the limit as x→0x \to 0:
    We know that −1≤sin⁡(πx)≤1-1 \le \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right) \le 1.
    Multiplying by xx:
    If x>0x > 0, then −x≤xsin⁡(πx)≤x-x \le x \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right) \le x.
    If x<0x < 0, then x≤xsin⁡(πx)≤−xx \le x \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right) \le -x.
    In both cases, ∣xsin⁡(πx)∣≤∣x∣|x \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right)| \le |x|.
    As x→0x \to 0, ∣x∣→0|x| \to 0. By the Squeeze Theorem, lim⁡x→0xsin⁡(πx)=0\lim_{x \to 0} x \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{x}\right) = 0.
    Since the limit exists but the function is not defined at x=0x=0, this is a removable discontinuity.

  4. Analyze function (D) f(x)=11+2cot⁡xf(x) = \frac{1}{1+2^{\cot x}}.

    The function is not defined at x=0x=0 because cot⁡x=cos⁡xsin⁡x\cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} is undefined at x=0x=0.
    Let's evaluate the limit as x→0x \to 0:
    Consider the behavior of cot⁡x\cot x as x→0x \to 0:
    As x→0+x \to 0^+, sin⁡x→0+\sin x \to 0^+ and cos⁡x→1\cos x \to 1, so cot⁡x→+∞\cot x \to +\infty.
    As x→0−x \to 0^-, sin⁡x→0−\sin x \to 0^- and cos⁡x→1\cos x \to 1, so cot⁡x→−∞\cot x \to -\infty.
    Now, evaluate the limits of f(x)f(x):
    lim⁡x→0+f(x)=lim⁡x→0+11+2cot⁡x\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{1}{1+2^{\cot x}}. As cot⁡x→+∞\cot x \to +\infty, 2cot⁡x→+∞2^{\cot x} \to +\infty.
    So, lim⁡x→0+f(x)=11+∞=0\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \frac{1}{1+\infty} = 0.
    lim⁡x→0−f(x)=lim⁡x→0−11+2cot⁡x\lim_{x \to 0^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0^-} \frac{1}{1+2^{\cot x}}. As cot⁡x→−∞\cot x \to -\infty, 2cot⁡x→02^{\cot x} \to 0.
    So, lim⁡x→0−f(x)=11+0=1\lim_{x \to 0^-} f(x) = \frac{1}{1+0} = 1.
    Since the left-hand limit (1) and the right-hand limit (0) are different, the limit lim⁡x→0f(x)\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) does not exist. This indicates an irremovable (jump) discontinuity.

  5. Conclude based on the analysis.

    All four functions are not defined at x=0x=0.
    Functions (A), (B), and (C) have removable discontinuities at x=0x=0 because their limits exist.
    Function (D) has an irremovable (jump) discontinuity at x=0x=0 because its left-hand and right-hand limits are different.

    The question asks for the function(s) not defined at x=0x=0 that has/have an irremovable discontinuity at x=0x=0. Only function (D) fits this description.

    The final answer is D\text{D}.

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