This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Question 1: a) The electronic configuration of element X is 2, 8, 8, 2. In which group and period is element X? Step 1: Determine the period. The number of electron shells occupied by electrons determines the period. The configuration 2, 8, 8, 2 indicates 4 electron shells. Therefore, element X is in Period 4. Step 2: Determine the group. For main group elements, the number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost shell) determines the group number. The outermost shell has 2 electrons. Therefore, element X is in Group 2. b) Is the element X a metal or non-metal? Explain. Step 1: Identify the type of element. Element X has 2 valence electrons. Elements in Group 2 are known as alkaline earth metals. Step 2: Explain the classification. Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Element X will readily lose its 2 valence electrons. c) Which ion will be formed by element X to achieve a stable electron configuration? Step 1: Determine electron loss/gain. To achieve a stable octet, element X will lose its 2 valence electrons. Step 2: Determine the charge of the ion. Losing 2 electrons results in a net charge of +2. The ion formed will be X^2+. Question 2: a) If the element V is in period 4 and group 5, write the electronic configuration of V. Step 1: Determine the number of electrons. Period 4 means 4 electron shells. Group 5 (main group, also known as Group 15) means 5 valence electrons. The electron configuration for an element in Period 4, Group 15 (like Arsenic, As) is: Shell 1: 2 electrons Shell 2: 8 electrons Shell 3: 18 electrons (including d-block electrons) Shell 4: 5 electrons (valence electrons) Total electrons = 2 + 8 + 18 + 5 = 33. Step 2: Write the electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of V is 2, 8, 18, 5. b) What is the family name (class name) for the group to which V belongs? Step 1: Identify the group. Element V belongs to Group 5 (or Group 15 in IUPAC notation). Step 2: State the family name. The family name for elements in Group 15 is Pnictogens.