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Q1: Use synthetic division method to find all the zeros of the polynomial: f(x) = x4 + x3 - 11x2 - 5x + 30 Q2: Employ the Newton-Raphson method and determine the zeros of the polynomial: f(x) = 0.5x4 − 4x3 + 6x − 2 using initial guess of 4.2 to a level of accuracy of +-10⁻¹

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Q1: Use synthetic division method to find all the zeros of the polynomial: f(x)=x4+x3−11x2−5x+30f(x) = x^4 + x^3 - 11x^2 - 5x + 30

  1. Identify possible rational roots.

    According to the Rational Root Theorem, any rational root pq\frac{p}{q} must have pp as a divisor of the constant term (30) and qq as a divisor of the leading coefficient (1).
    Divisors of 30: ±1,±2,±3,±5,±6,±10,±15,±30\pm 1, \pm 2, \pm 3, \pm 5, \pm 6, \pm 10, \pm 15, \pm 30.
    Since the leading coefficient is 1, the possible rational roots are these divisors.

  2. Test possible roots using synthetic division.

    Let's test x=2x=2:

    211−11−53026−10−3013−5−150\begin{array}{c|ccccc} 2 & 1 & 1 & -11 & -5 & 30 \\ & & 2 & 6 & -10 & -30 \\ \hline & 1 & 3 & -5 & -15 & 0 \\ \end{array}

    Since the remainder is 0, x=2x=2 is a zero of the polynomial. The depressed polynomial is x3+3x2−5x−15x^3 + 3x^2 - 5x - 15.

  3. Factor the depressed polynomial to find the remaining zeros.

    We can factor x3+3x2−5x−15x^3 + 3x^2 - 5x - 15 by grouping:

    x3+3x2−5x−15=x2(x+3)−5(x+3)x^3 + 3x^2 - 5x - 15 = x^2(x+3) - 5(x+3) =(x2−5)(x+3)= (x^2 - 5)(x+3)

    Set the factors to zero to find the remaining roots:

    x+3=0  ⟹  x=−3x+3 = 0 \implies x = -3 x2−5=0  ⟹  x2=5  ⟹  x=±5x^2 - 5 = 0 \implies x^2 = 5 \implies x = \pm \sqrt{5}

    The zeros of the polynomial are 2,−3,5,2, -3, \sqrt{5}, and −5-\sqrt{5}.

    The zeros of the polynomial are 2,−3,5,−5\boxed{2, -3, \sqrt{5}, -\sqrt{5}}.

    Q2: Employ the Newton-Raphson method and determine the zeros of the polynomial: f(x)=0.5x3−4x2+6x−2f(x) = 0.5x^3 - 4x^2 + 6x - 2 using initial guess of 4.2 to a level of accuracy of ±10−1\pm 10^{-1}.

  4. Find the derivative of the function.

    Given f(x)=0.5x3−4x2+6x−2f(x) = 0.5x^3 - 4x^2 + 6x - 2.
    The derivative is f′(x)=ddx(0.5x3−4x2+6x−2)=1.5x2−8x+6f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(0.5x^3 - 4x^2 + 6x - 2) = 1.5x^2 - 8x + 6.

  5. Apply the Newton-Raphson formula xn+1=xn−f(xn)f′(xn)x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)} iteratively until the desired accuracy is met.

    The initial guess is x0=4.2x_0 = 4.2. The accuracy required is ∣xn+1−xn∣<0.1|x_{n+1} - x_n| < 0.1.

    • Iteration 1: x0=4.2x_0 = 4.2 f(x0)=f(4.2)=0.5(4.2)3−4(4.2)2+6(4.2)−2=37.044−70.56+25.2−2=−10.316f(x_0) = f(4.2) = 0.5(4.2)^3 - 4(4.2)^2 + 6(4.2) - 2 = 37.044 - 70.56 + 25.2 - 2 = -10.316 f′(x0)=f′(4.2)=1.5(4.2)2−8(4.2)+6=26.46−33.6+6=−1.14f'(x_0) = f'(4.2) = 1.5(4.2)^2 - 8(4.2) + 6 = 26.46 - 33.6 + 6 = -1.14 x1=4.2−−10.316−1.14=4.2−9.04912=−4.84912x_1 = 4.2 - \frac{-10.316}{-1.14} = 4.2 - 9.04912 = -4.84912 ∣x1−x0∣=∣−4.84912−4.2∣=9.04912>0.1|x_1 - x_0| = |-4.84912 - 4.2| = 9.04912 > 0.1

    • Iteration 2: x1=−4.84912x_1 = -4.84912 f(x1)=0.5(−4.84912)3−4(−4.84912)2+6(−4.84912)−2=−56.9895−94.0552−29.0947−2=−182.1394f(x_1) = 0.5(-4.84912)^3 - 4(-4.84912)^2 + 6(-4.84912) - 2 = -56.9895 - 94.0552 - 29.0947 - 2 = -182.1394 f′(x1)=1.5(−4.84912)2−8(−4.84912)+6=35.2707+38.7929+6=80.0636f'(x_1) = 1.5(-4.84912)^2 - 8(-4.84912) + 6 = 35.2707 + 38.7929 + 6 = 80.0636 x2=−4.84912−−182.139480.0636=−4.84912−(−2.27494)=−2.57418x_2 = -4.84912 - \frac{-182.1394}{80.0636} = -4.84912 - (-2.27494) = -2.57418 ∣x2−x1∣=∣−2.57418−(−4.84912)∣=2.27494>0.1|x_2 - x_1| = |-2.57418 - (-4.84912)| = 2.27494 > 0.1

    • Iteration 3: x2=−2.57418x_2 = -2.57418 f(x2)=0.5(−2.57418)3−4(−2.57418)2+6(−2.57418)−2=−8.5204−26.5041−15.4451−2=−52.4696f(x_2) = 0.5(-2.57418)^3 - 4(-2.57418)^2 + 6(-2.57418) - 2 = -8.5204 - 26.5041 - 15.4451 - 2 = -52.4696 f′(x2)=1.5(−2.57418)2−8(−2.57418)+6=9.9392+20.5934+6=36.5326f'(x_2) = 1.5(-2.57418)^2 - 8(-2.57418) + 6 = 9.9392 + 20.5934 + 6 = 36.5326 x3=−2.57418−−52.469636.5326=−2.57418−(−1.43624)=−1.13794x_3 = -2.57418 - \frac{-52.4696}{36.5326} = -2.57418 - (-1.43624) = -1.13794 ∣x3−x2∣=∣−1.13794−(−2.57418)∣=1.43624>0.1|x_3 - x_2| = |-1.13794 - (-2.57418)| = 1.43624 > 0.1

    • Iteration 4: x3=−1.13794x_3 = -1.13794 f(x3)=0.5(−1.13794)3−4(−1.13794)2+6(−1.13794)−2=−0.7370−5.1799−6.8276−2=−14.7445f(x_3) = 0.5(-1.13794)^3 - 4(-1.13794)^2 + 6(-1.13794) - 2 = -0.7370 - 5.1799 - 6.8276 - 2 = -14.7445 f′(x3)=1.5(−1.13794)2−8(−1.13794)+6=1.9425+9.1035+6=17.0460f'(x_3) = 1.5(-1.13794)^2 - 8(-1.13794) + 6 = 1.9425 + 9.1035 + 6 = 17.0460 x4=−1.13794−−14.744517.0460=−1.13794−(−0.86498)=−0.27296x_4 = -1.13794 - \frac{-14.7445}{17.0460} = -1.13794 - (-0.86498) = -0.27296 ∣x4−x3∣=∣−0.27296−(−1.13794)∣=0.86498>0.1|x_4 - x_3| = |-0.27296 - (-1.13794)| = 0.86498 > 0.1

    • Iteration 5: x4=−0.27296x_4 = -0.27296 f(x4)=0.5(−0.27296)3−4(−0.27296)2+6(−0.27296)−2=−0.0102−0.2980−1.6378−2=−3.9460f(x_4) = 0.5(-0.27296)^3 - 4(-0.27296)^2 + 6(-0.27296) - 2 = -0.0102 - 0.2980 - 1.6378 - 2 = -3.9460 f′(x4)=1.5(−0.27296)2−8(−0.27296)+6=0.1118+2.1837+6=8.2955f'(x_4) = 1.5(-0.27296)^2 - 8(-0.27296) + 6 = 0.1118 + 2.1837 + 6 = 8.2955 x5=−0.27296−−3.94608.2955=−0.27296−(−0.47566)=0.20270x_5 = -0.27296 - \frac{-3.9460}{8.2955} = -0.27296 - (-0.47566) = 0.20270 ∣x5−x4∣=∣0.20270−(−0.27296)∣=0.47566>0.1|x_5 - x_4| = |0.20270 - (-0.27296)| = 0.47566 > 0.1

    • Iteration 6: x5=0.20270x_5 = 0.20270 f(x5)=0.5(0.20270)3−4(0.20270)2+6(0.20270)−2=0.0042−0.1643−1.2162−2=−0.9440f(x_5) = 0.5(0.20270)^3 - 4(0.20270)^2 + 6(0.20270) - 2 = 0.0042 - 0.1643 - 1.2162 - 2 = -0.9440 f′(x5)=1.5(0.20270)2−8(0.20270)+6=0.0616−1.6216+6=4.4400f'(x_5) = 1.5(0.20270)^2 - 8(0.20270) + 6 = 0.0616 - 1.6216 + 6 = 4.4400 x6=0.20270−−0.94404.4400=0.20270−(−0.21261)=0.41531x_6 = 0.20270 - \frac{-0.9440}{4.4400} = 0.20270 - (-0.21261) = 0.41531 ∣x6−x5∣=∣0.41531−0.20270∣=0.21261>0.1|x_6 - x_5| = |0.41531 - 0.20270| = 0.21261 > 0.1

    • Iteration 7: x6=0.41531x_6 = 0.41531 f(x6)=0.5(0.41531)3−4(0.41531)2+6(0.41531)−2=0.0359−0.6906+2.4919−2=−0.1628f(x_6) = 0.5(0.41531)^3 - 4(0.41531)^2 + 6(0.41531) - 2 = 0.0359 - 0.6906 + 2.4919 - 2 = -0.1628 f′(x6)=1.5(0.41531)2−8(0.41531)+6=0.2588−3.3225+6=2.9363f'(x_6) = 1.5(0.41531)^2 - 8(0.41531) + 6 = 0.2588 - 3.3225 + 6 = 2.9363 x7=0.41531−−0.16282.9363=0.41531−(−0.05544)=0.47075x_7 = 0.41531 - \frac{-0.1628}{2.9363} = 0.41531 - (-0.05544) = 0.47075 ∣x7−x6∣=∣0.47075−0.41531∣=0.05544<0.1|x_7 - x_6| = |0.47075 - 0.41531| = 0.05544 < 0.1

  6. Round the final answer to the specified accuracy.

    Since ∣x7−x6∣<0.1|x_7 - x_6| < 0.1, we take x7x_7 as the approximation.
    Rounding 0.47075 to one decimal place (accuracy of ±10−1\pm 10^{-1}), we get 0.5.

    The zero of the polynomial using the Newton-Raphson method with an initial guess of 4.2 to an accuracy of ±10−1\pm 10^{-1} is 0.5\boxed{0.5}.

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