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Set up the partial fraction decomposition.

Mathematics

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  1. Set up the partial fraction decomposition.

    The denominator has a linear factor (x−3)(x-3) and an irreducible quadratic factor (x2+9)(x^2+9).

    x2(x2+9)(x−3)=Ax−3+Bx+Cx2+9\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} = \frac{A}{x-3} + \frac{Bx+C}{x^2+9}
  2. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x2+9)(x−3)(x^2+9)(x-3).

    x2=A(x2+9)+(Bx+C)(x−3)x^2 = A(x^2+9) + (Bx+C)(x-3)
  3. Solve for AA, BB, and CC.

    Substitute x=3x=3:

    32=A(32+9)+(B(3)+C)(3−3)3^2 = A(3^2+9) + (B(3)+C)(3-3) 9=A(9+9)+09 = A(9+9) + 0 9=18A9 = 18A A=918=12A = \frac{9}{18} = \frac{1}{2}

    Expand the equation:

    x2=Ax2+9A+Bx2−3Bx+Cx−3Cx^2 = Ax^2 + 9A + Bx^2 - 3Bx + Cx - 3C x2=(A+B)x2+(−3B+C)x+(9A−3C)x^2 = (A+B)x^2 + (-3B+C)x + (9A-3C)

    Equate coefficients:
    Coefficient of x2x^2:

    1=A+B1 = A+B

    Substitute A=12A=\frac{1}{2}:

    1=12+B1 = \frac{1}{2} + B B=1−12=12B = 1 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

    Coefficient of xx:

    0=−3B+C0 = -3B+C

    Substitute B=12B=\frac{1}{2}:

    0=−3(12)+C0 = -3\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + C C=32C = \frac{3}{2}

    Constant term (for verification):

    0=9A−3C0 = 9A-3C

    Substitute A=12A=\frac{1}{2} and C=32C=\frac{3}{2}:

    0=9(12)−3(32)0 = 9\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) - 3\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) 0=92−920 = \frac{9}{2} - \frac{9}{2} 0=00 = 0

    The values are consistent.

  4. Write the partial fraction decomposition.

    x2(x2+9)(x−3)=12x−3+12x+32x2+9\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} = \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x-3} + \frac{\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{3}{2}}{x^2+9} x2(x2+9)(x−3)=12(x−3)+x+32(x2+9)\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} = \frac{1}{2(x-3)} + \frac{x+3}{2(x^2+9)}

    The final answer is 12(x−3)+x+32(x2+9)\boxed{\frac{1}{2(x-3)} + \frac{x+3}{2(x^2+9)}}.

  5. Set up the partial fraction decomposition.

    The denominator has a linear factor (x−1)(x-1) and an irreducible quadratic factor (x2+4)(x^2+4).

    1(x−1)(x2+4)=Ax−1+Bx+Cx2+4\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} = \frac{A}{x-1} + \frac{Bx+C}{x^2+4}
  6. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x−1)(x2+4)(x-1)(x^2+4).

    1=A(x2+4)+(Bx+C)(x−1)1 = A(x^2+4) + (Bx+C)(x-1)
  7. Solve for AA, BB, and CC.

    Substitute x=1x=1:

    1=A(12+4)+(B(1)+C)(1−1)1 = A(1^2+4) + (B(1)+C)(1-1) 1=A(1+4)+01 = A(1+4) + 0 1=5A1 = 5A A=15A = \frac{1}{5}

    Expand the equation:

    1=Ax2+4A+Bx2−Bx+Cx−C1 = Ax^2 + 4A + Bx^2 - Bx + Cx - C 1=(A+B)x2+(−B+C)x+(4A−C)1 = (A+B)x^2 + (-B+C)x + (4A-C)

    Equate coefficients:
    Coefficient of x2x^2:

    0=A+B0 = A+B

    Substitute A=15A=\frac{1}{5}:

    0=15+B0 = \frac{1}{5} + B B=−15B = -\frac{1}{5}

    Coefficient of xx:

    0=−B+C0 = -B+C

    Substitute B=−15B=-\frac{1}{5}:

    0=−(−15)+C0 = -\left(-\frac{1}{5}\right) + C 0=15+C0 = \frac{1}{5} + C C=−15C = -\frac{1}{5}

    Constant term (for verification):

    1=4A−C1 = 4A-C

    Substitute A=15A=\frac{1}{5} and C=−15C=-\frac{1}{5}:

    1=4(15)−(−15)1 = 4\left(\frac{1}{5}\right) - \left(-\frac{1}{5}\right) 1=45+151 = \frac{4}{5} + \frac{1}{5} 1=551 = \frac{5}{5} 1=11 = 1

    The values are consistent.

  8. Write the partial fraction decomposition.

    1(x−1)(x2+4)=15x−1+−15x−15x2+4\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} = \frac{\frac{1}{5}}{x-1} + \frac{-\frac{1}{5}x-\frac{1}{5}}{x^2+4} 1(x−1)(x2+4)=15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} = \frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}

    The final answer is 15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)\boxed{\frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}}.

  9. The given equation is

    6x+7(x+3)(x+1)=Ax+3+Bx+1\frac{6x+7}{(x+3)(x+1)} = \frac{A}{x+3} + \frac{B}{x+1}
  10. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x+3)(x+1)(x+3)(x+1).

    6x+7=A(x+1)+B(x+3)6x+7 = A(x+1) + B(x+3)
  11. Solve for AA and BB.

    To find BB, substitute x=−1x=-1:

    6(−1)+7=A(−1+1)+B(−1+3)6(-1)+7 = A(-1+1) + B(-1+3) −6+7=A(0)+B(2)-6+7 = A(0) + B(2) 1=2B1 = 2B B=12B = \frac{1}{2}

    To find AA, substitute x=−3x=-3:

    6(−3)+7=A(−3+1)+B(−3+3)6(-3)+7 = A(-3+1) + B(-3+3) −18+7=A(−2)+B(0)-18+7 = A(-2) + B(0) −11=−2A-11 = -2A A=−11−2=112A = \frac{-11}{-2} = \frac{11}{2}
  12. Evaluate (B−A)(B-A).

    B−A=12−112B-A = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{11}{2} B−A=1−112B-A = \frac{1-11}{2} B−A=−102B-A = \frac{-10}{2} B−A=−5B-A = -5

    The final answer is −5\boxed{-5}.

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