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Split (x2)/((x2+9)(x-3)) into partial fractions.

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3 parts
8

x+32(x2+9)+12(x−3)\frac{x+3}{2(x^2+9)} + \frac{1}{2(x-3)}

9

15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)\frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}

10
-5

Step-by-step solution

11 steps

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Part 8· 4 steps

Split x2(x2+9)(x−3)\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} into partial fractions.

  1. Set up the partial fraction decomposition.

    The denominator has an irreducible quadratic factor (x2+9)(x^2+9) and a linear factor (x−3)(x-3).

    x2(x2+9)(x−3)=Ax+Bx2+9+Cx−3\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} = \frac{Ax+B}{x^2+9} + \frac{C}{x-3}
  2. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x2+9)(x−3)(x^2+9)(x-3).

    x2=(Ax+B)(x−3)+C(x2+9)x^2 = (Ax+B)(x-3) + C(x^2+9)
  3. Solve for A, B, and C.

    To find C, let x=3x=3:

    (3)2=(A(3)+B)(3−3)+C((3)2+9)(3)^2 = (A(3)+B)(3-3) + C((3)^2+9) 9=0+C(9+9)9 = 0 + C(9+9) 9=18C9 = 18C C=918=12C = \frac{9}{18} = \frac{1}{2}

    Expand the right side of the equation from Step 2:

    x2=Ax2−3Ax+Bx−3B+Cx2+9Cx^2 = Ax^2 - 3Ax + Bx - 3B + Cx^2 + 9C

    Group terms by powers of xx:

    x2=(A+C)x2+(−3A+B)x+(−3B+9C)x^2 = (A+C)x^2 + (-3A+B)x + (-3B+9C)

    Equate coefficients:

    1. Coefficient of x2x^2: A+C=1A+C = 1
    2. Coefficient of xx: −3A+B=0-3A+B = 0
    3. Constant term: −3B+9C=0-3B+9C = 0

    Substitute C=12C=\frac{1}{2} into equation (1):

    A+12=1A + \frac{1}{2} = 1 A=1−12=12A = 1 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

    Substitute A=12A=\frac{1}{2} into equation (2):

    −3(12)+B=0-3\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + B = 0 −32+B=0-\frac{3}{2} + B = 0 B=32B = \frac{3}{2}

    (As a check, substitute B and C into equation (3): −3(32)+9(12)=−92+92=0-3\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + 9\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = -\frac{9}{2} + \frac{9}{2} = 0. This is correct.)

  4. Substitute the values of A, B, and C back into the partial fraction form.

    x2(x2+9)(x−3)=12x+32x2+9+12x−3\frac{x^2}{(x^2+9)(x-3)} = \frac{\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{3}{2}}{x^2+9} + \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x-3} =x+32(x2+9)+12(x−3)= \frac{x+3}{2(x^2+9)} + \frac{1}{2(x-3)}

    The partial fraction decomposition is x+32(x2+9)+12(x−3)\boxed{\frac{x+3}{2(x^2+9)} + \frac{1}{2(x-3)}}.

Part 9

15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)\frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}

Split 1(x−1)(x2+4)\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} into partial fractions.

  1. Set up the partial fraction decomposition.

    The denominator has a linear factor (x−1)(x-1) and an irreducible quadratic factor (x2+4)(x^2+4).

    1(x−1)(x2+4)=Ax−1+Bx+Cx2+4\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} = \frac{A}{x-1} + \frac{Bx+C}{x^2+4}
  2. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x−1)(x2+4)(x-1)(x^2+4).

    1=A(x2+4)+(Bx+C)(x−1)1 = A(x^2+4) + (Bx+C)(x-1)
  3. Solve for A, B, and C.

    To find A, let x=1x=1:

    1=A((1)2+4)+(B(1)+C)(1−1)1 = A((1)^2+4) + (B(1)+C)(1-1) 1=A(1+4)+01 = A(1+4) + 0 1=5A1 = 5A A=15A = \frac{1}{5}

    Expand the right side of the equation from Step 2:

    1=Ax2+4A+Bx2−Bx+Cx−C1 = Ax^2 + 4A + Bx^2 - Bx + Cx - C

    Group terms by powers of xx:

    1=(A+B)x2+(−B+C)x+(4A−C)1 = (A+B)x^2 + (-B+C)x + (4A-C)

    Equate coefficients:

    1. Coefficient of x2x^2: A+B=0A+B = 0
    2. Coefficient of xx: −B+C=0-B+C = 0
    3. Constant term: 4A−C=14A-C = 1

    Substitute A=15A=\frac{1}{5} into equation (1):

    15+B=0\frac{1}{5} + B = 0 B=−15B = -\frac{1}{5}

    Substitute B=−15B=-\frac{1}{5} into equation (2):

    −(−15)+C=0-(-\frac{1}{5}) + C = 0 15+C=0\frac{1}{5} + C = 0 C=−15C = -\frac{1}{5}

    (As a check, substitute A and C into equation (3): 4(15)−(−15)=45+15=55=14\left(\frac{1}{5}\right) - \left(-\frac{1}{5}\right) = \frac{4}{5} + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{5}{5} = 1. This is correct.)

  4. Substitute the values of A, B, and C back into the partial fraction form.

    1(x−1)(x2+4)=15x−1+−15x−15x2+4\frac{1}{(x-1)(x^2+4)} = \frac{\frac{1}{5}}{x-1} + \frac{-\frac{1}{5}x-\frac{1}{5}}{x^2+4} =15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)= \frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}

    The partial fraction decomposition is 15(x−1)−x+15(x2+4)\boxed{\frac{1}{5(x-1)} - \frac{x+1}{5(x^2+4)}}.

Part 10-5

Evaluate (B−A)(B-A) if 6x+7(x+3)(x+1)=Ax+3+Bx+1\frac{6x+7}{(x+3)(x+1)} = \frac{A}{x+3} + \frac{B}{x+1}.

  1. Multiply both sides by the common denominator (x+3)(x+1)(x+3)(x+1).

    6x+7=A(x+1)+B(x+3)6x+7 = A(x+1) + B(x+3)
  2. Solve for A and B.

    To find A, let x=−3x=-3:

    6(−3)+7=A(−3+1)+B(−3+3)6(-3)+7 = A(-3+1) + B(-3+3) −18+7=A(−2)+0-18+7 = A(-2) + 0 −11=−2A-11 = -2A A=−11−2=112A = \frac{-11}{-2} = \frac{11}{2}

    To find B, let x=−1x=-1:

    6(−1)+7=A(−1+1)+B(−1+3)6(-1)+7 = A(-1+1) + B(-1+3) −6+7=0+B(2)-6+7 = 0 + B(2) 1=2B1 = 2B B=12B = \frac{1}{2}
  3. Evaluate (B−A)(B-A).

    B−A=12−112B-A = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{11}{2} B−A=1−112B-A = \frac{1-11}{2} B−A=−102B-A = \frac{-10}{2} B−A=−5B-A = -5

    The value of (B−A)(B-A) is −5\boxed{-5}.

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