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Prove that 7ⁿ-1 is divisible by 7 for all positive integers n.

Mathematics

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Answer

To prove that 7n−17^{n-1} is divisible by 7, we need to show that 7n−1=7k7^{n-1} = 7k for some integer kk. We will consider the domain of nn as positive integers (n∈{1,2,3,… }n \in \{1, 2, 3, \dots\}).

Step-by-step solution

2 steps
  1. Consider the case for n=1n=1.

    Substitute n=1n=1 into the expression:

    71−1=70=17^{1-1} = 7^0 = 1

    For 1 to be divisible by 7, 1 must be equal to 7k7k for some integer kk. However, 1/71/7 is not an integer.
    Therefore, 1 is not divisible by 7.
    This means the statement "7n−17^{n-1} is divisible by 7" is false for n=1n=1.

  2. Prove for integers n≥2n \ge 2.

    For any integer n≥2n \ge 2, the exponent n−1n-1 will be a positive integer.
    Let m=n−1m = n-1. Since n≥2n \ge 2, we have m≥1m \ge 1.
    The expression becomes 7m7^m.
    We can rewrite 7m7^m as:

    7m=7×7m−17^m = 7 \times 7^{m-1}

    Since m≥1m \ge 1, the exponent m−1m-1 is a non-negative integer (m−1≥0m-1 \ge 0).
    Therefore, 7m−17^{m-1} is an integer.
    Let k=7m−1k = 7^{m-1}. Since 7m−17^{m-1} is an integer, kk is an integer.
    So, we have:

    7m=7k7^m = 7k

    This shows that 7m7^m is a multiple of 7, and thus divisible by 7.
    Substituting back m=n−1m = n-1, we conclude that 7n−17^{n-1} is divisible by 7 for all integers n≥2n \ge 2.

    Conclusion:
    The statement "7n−17^{n-1} is divisible by 7" is not true for all positive integers nn. It is false for n=1n=1. However, it is true for all integers n≥2n \ge 2.

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