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Prove that DEC ||| BEA and FAB ||| FCA given that ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and FA is tangent to the circle at A.

Mathematics

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5 parts
1.1

△DEC∣∣∣△BEA\triangle DEC ||| \triangle BEA

1.2

△FAB∣∣∣△FCA\triangle FAB ||| \triangle FCA

1.3
Shown:

FA.CA = FC. AB

2.1

△JRS∣∣∣△JTK\triangle JRS ||| \triangle JTK

2.2

JR⋅TK=RS2JR \cdot TK = RS^2

Step-by-step solution

14 steps

Part 1.1· 3 steps

Prove that △DEC∣∣∣△BEA\triangle DEC ||| \triangle BEA.

  1. Identify common angles.

    ∠E=∠E\angle E = \angle E

    This is a common angle to both triangles △DEC\triangle DEC and △BEA\triangle BEA.

  2. Identify equal angles using properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. The sum of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠BAD+∠BCD=180∘\angle BAD + \angle BCD = 180^\circ

    Angles on a straight line sum to 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠DCE+∠BCD=180∘\angle DCE + \angle BCD = 180^\circ

    From these two equations, we can conclude:

    ∠DCE=∠BAD\angle DCE = \angle BAD
  3. Conclude similarity.

    Since two angles of △DEC\triangle DEC are equal to two angles of △BEA\triangle BEA, the triangles are similar by the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion.

    △DEC∣∣∣△BEA\boxed{\triangle DEC ||| \triangle BEA}

Part 1.2

△FAB∣∣∣△FCA\triangle FAB ||| \triangle FCA

Prove that △FAB∣∣∣△FCA\triangle FAB ||| \triangle FCA.

  1. Identify common angles.

    ∠F=∠F\angle F = \angle F

    This is a common angle to both triangles △FAB\triangle FAB and △FCA\triangle FCA.

  2. Identify equal angles using the tangent-chord theorem.

    FA is a tangent to the circle at A. The angle between the tangent FA and the chord AB (∠FAB\angle FAB) is equal to the angle in the alternate segment subtended by the chord AB (∠ACB\angle ACB or ∠FCA\angle FCA).

    ∠FAB=∠FCA\angle FAB = \angle FCA
  3. Conclude similarity.

    Since two angles of △FAB\triangle FAB are equal to two angles of △FCA\triangle FCA, the triangles are similar by the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion.

    △FAB∣∣∣△FCA\boxed{\triangle FAB ||| \triangle FCA}

Part 1.3FA.CA = FC. AB

Hence show that FA.CA = FC. AB

  1. Use the similarity from part 1.2.

    Since △FAB∣∣∣△FCA\triangle FAB ||| \triangle FCA, the ratio of their corresponding sides is equal:

    FAFC=ABCA=FBFA\frac{FA}{FC} = \frac{AB}{CA} = \frac{FB}{FA}
  2. Select the relevant ratio and cross-multiply.

    From the first two parts of the ratio:

    FAFC=ABCA\frac{FA}{FC} = \frac{AB}{CA}

    Cross-multiplying gives:

    FA⋅CA=FC⋅ABFA \cdot CA = FC \cdot AB

    This completes the proof.

    FA⋅CA=FC⋅AB\boxed{FA \cdot CA = FC \cdot AB}

Part 2.1

△JRS∣∣∣△JTK\triangle JRS ||| \triangle JTK

Prove that △JRS∣∣∣△JTK\triangle JRS ||| \triangle JTK.

  1. Identify common angles.

    ∠J=∠J\angle J = \angle J

    This is a common angle to both triangles △JRS\triangle JRS and △JTK\triangle JTK.

  2. Identify equal angles using properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    KRST is a cyclic quadrilateral. The sum of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠KRS+∠KTS=180∘\angle KRS + \angle KTS = 180^\circ

    Angles on a straight line sum to 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠JTK+∠KTS=180∘\angle JTK + \angle KTS = 180^\circ

    From these two equations, we can conclude:

    ∠JTK=∠KRS\angle JTK = \angle KRS
  3. Conclude similarity.

    Since two angles of △JRS\triangle JRS are equal to two angles of △JTK\triangle JTK, the triangles are similar by the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion.

    △JRS∣∣∣△JTK\boxed{\triangle JRS ||| \triangle JTK}

Part 2.2

JR⋅TK=RS2JR \cdot TK = RS^2

JR.TK = RS²

  1. Use the similarity from part 2.1.

    Since △JRS∣∣∣△JTK\triangle JRS ||| \triangle JTK, the ratio of their corresponding sides is equal:

    JRJT=RSTK=JSJK\frac{JR}{JT} = \frac{RS}{TK} = \frac{JS}{JK}
  2. Select the relevant ratio and cross-multiply.

    From the first two parts of the ratio:

    JRJT=RSTK\frac{JR}{JT} = \frac{RS}{TK}

    Cross-multiplying gives:

    JR⋅TK=JT⋅RSJR \cdot TK = JT \cdot RS
  3. Substitute the given information.

    We are given that JT=RSJT = RS. Substitute this into the equation:

    JR⋅TK=RS⋅RSJR \cdot TK = RS \cdot RS JR⋅TK=RS2JR \cdot TK = RS^2

    This completes the proof.

    JR⋅TK=RS2\boxed{JR \cdot TK = RS^2}
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