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The mean age of a second year class of a school is 18 2/5. At the end of the promotion examination, 3 students aged 20, 19 and 19 years were repeated. The new mean age of the class became 18 1/3. Calculate the number of students who were in the class before the promotion examination.

Mathematics

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3 parts
a

30∘\text{30}^\circ

b

4 m\text{4 m}

c

28 m2\text{28 m}^2

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here's the solution for question 8:

Part a· 2 steps

The value of the angle marked xx.

  1. Identify the relevant triangle and trigonometric ratio.

    In the right-angled triangle △MNR\triangle MNR, we are given the adjacent side MN=15MN = 15 m and the hypotenuse MR=103MR = 10\sqrt{3} m with respect to angle xx (which is ∠RMN\angle RMN). We use the cosine function.

    cos⁡(x)=AdjacentHypotenuse=MNMR\cos(x) = \frac{\text{Adjacent}}{\text{Hypotenuse}} = \frac{MN}{MR}
  2. Substitute the values and solve for xx.

    cos⁡(x)=15103\cos(x) = \frac{15}{10\sqrt{3}}

    Simplify the fraction:

    cos⁡(x)=323\cos(x) = \frac{3}{2\sqrt{3}}

    Rationalize the denominator:

    cos⁡(x)=3323×3=332×3=32\cos(x) = \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}} = \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2 \times 3} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

    Therefore, xx is the angle whose cosine is 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.

    x=arccos⁡(32)x = \arccos\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) x=30∘x = 30^\circ

    The value of xx to the nearest whole number is 30∘\boxed{\text{30}^\circ}.

Part b

4 m\text{4 m}

The length of QRQR.

  1. Calculate the length of NRNR using the Pythagorean theorem in △MNR\triangle MNR.

    MR2=MN2+NR2MR^2 = MN^2 + NR^2 (103)2=152+NR2(10\sqrt{3})^2 = 15^2 + NR^2 100×3=225+NR2100 \times 3 = 225 + NR^2 300=225+NR2300 = 225 + NR^2 NR2=300−225NR^2 = 300 - 225 NR2=75NR^2 = 75 NR=75=25×3=53 mNR = \sqrt{75} = \sqrt{25 \times 3} = 5\sqrt{3} \text{ m}
  2. Calculate the length of NQNQ using trigonometry in △MNQ\triangle MNQ.

    In the right-angled triangle △MNQ\triangle MNQ, we have MN=15MN = 15 m and ∠MQN=72∘\angle MQN = 72^\circ. We use the tangent function.

    tan⁡(∠MQN)=OppositeAdjacent=MNNQ\tan(\angle MQN) = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}} = \frac{MN}{NQ} tan⁡(72∘)=15NQ\tan(72^\circ) = \frac{15}{NQ} NQ=15tan⁡(72∘)NQ = \frac{15}{\tan(72^\circ)}

    Using a calculator, tan⁡(72∘)≈3.07768\tan(72^\circ) \approx 3.07768.

    NQ≈153.07768≈4.8739 mNQ \approx \frac{15}{3.07768} \approx 4.8739 \text{ m}
  3. Calculate QRQR.

    QR=NR−NQQR = NR - NQ QR=53−15tan⁡(72∘)QR = 5\sqrt{3} - \frac{15}{\tan(72^\circ)} QR≈5(1.73205)−4.8739QR \approx 5(1.73205) - 4.8739 QR≈8.66025−4.8739QR \approx 8.66025 - 4.8739 QR≈3.78635 mQR \approx 3.78635 \text{ m}

    Rounding to the nearest whole number:
    The length of QRQR is 4 m\boxed{\text{4 m}}.

Part c

28 m2\text{28 m}^2

The area of △MQR\triangle MQR.

  1. Use the formula for the area of a triangle.

    The area of △MQR\triangle MQR can be calculated as 12×base×height\frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}. Here, QRQR can be considered the base and MNMN the height, as MNMN is perpendicular to NRNR (which contains QRQR).

    Area=12×QR×MN\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times QR \times MN
  2. Substitute the values and calculate the area.

    Using the more precise value for QR≈3.78635QR \approx 3.78635 m and MN=15MN = 15 m:

    Area=12×3.78635×15\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 3.78635 \times 15 Area≈28.3976 m2\text{Area} \approx 28.3976 \text{ m}^2

    Rounding to the nearest whole number:
    The area of △MQR\triangle MQR is 28 m2\boxed{\text{28 m}^2}.

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