Then find the limit of r(t)

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the limit of r⃗(t)\vec{r}(t), we need to specify the value tt approaches. Based on the previous question where t=1t=1 was excluded from the domain, we will find the limit as t→1t \to 1.

We find the limit of each component function separately:

lim⁡t→1r⃗(t)=⟨lim⁡t→1t2−1t−1,lim⁡t→1t+8,lim⁡t→1sin⁡(πt)ln⁡t⟩\lim_{t \to 1} \vec{r}(t) = \left\langle \lim_{t \to 1} \frac{t^2 - 1}{t - 1}, \lim_{t \to 1} \sqrt{t+8}, \lim_{t \to 1} \frac{\sin(\pi t)}{\ln t} \right\rangle
  1. Find the limit of the first component.

    lim⁡t→1t2−1t−1\lim_{t \to 1} \frac{t^2 - 1}{t - 1}

    This is an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}. We can factor the numerator:

    lim⁡t→1(t−1)(t+1)t−1=lim⁡t→1(t+1)=1+1=2\lim_{t \to 1} \frac{(t-1)(t+1)}{t - 1} = \lim_{t \to 1} (t+1) = 1+1 = 2
  2. Find the limit of the second component.

    lim⁡t→1t+8\lim_{t \to 1} \sqrt{t+8}

    This function is continuous at t=1t=1, so we can substitute the value:

    lim⁡t→1t+8=1+8=9=3\lim_{t \to 1} \sqrt{t+8} = \sqrt{1+8} = \sqrt{9} = 3
  3. Find the limit of the third component.

    lim⁡t→1sin⁡(πt)ln⁡t\lim_{t \to 1} \frac{\sin(\pi t)}{\ln t}

    As t→1t \to 1, the numerator sin⁡(πt)→sin⁡(π)=0\sin(\pi t) \to \sin(\pi) = 0, and the denominator ln⁡t→ln⁡(1)=0\ln t \to \ln(1) = 0. This is an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, so we can use L'Hôpital's Rule.
    Take the derivative of the numerator and the denominator:
    Derivative of numerator: ddt(sin⁡(πt))=πcos⁡(πt)\frac{d}{dt}(\sin(\pi t)) = \pi \cos(\pi t)
    Derivative of denominator: ddt(ln⁡t)=1t\frac{d}{dt}(\ln t) = \frac{1}{t}
    Now, apply L'Hôpital's Rule:

    lim⁡t→1πcos⁡(πt)1t=πcos⁡(π⋅1)11=πcos⁡(π)1=π(−1)1=−π\lim_{t \to 1} \frac{\pi \cos(\pi t)}{\frac{1}{t}} = \frac{\pi \cos(\pi \cdot 1)}{\frac{1}{1}} = \frac{\pi \cos(\pi)}{1} = \frac{\pi (-1)}{1} = -\pi
  4. Combine the limits of the components.

    lim⁡t→1r⃗(t)=⟨2,3,−π⟩\lim_{t \to 1} \vec{r}(t) = \left\langle 2, 3, -\pi \right\rangle

    The limit of r⃗(t)\vec{r}(t) as t→1t \to 1 is:

    lim⁡t→1r⃗(t)=(23−π)\boxed{\lim_{t \to 1} \vec{r}(t) = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \\ -\pi \end{pmatrix}}
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