Two circles centre's O1 and O2 are of the same radius, 8.75 cm. The two circles intersect one another at P and at Q. The common chord PQ is of length 8.75 cm. Calculate the area common to the two circles.

Mathematics

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Answer

13.87 cm2\text{13.87 cm}^2

Step-by-step solution

6 steps
  1. Identify the geometry and given values.

    The two circles have the same radius, r=8.75r = 8.75 cm.
    The common chord PQ has a length of 8.75 cm.
    The area common to the two circles consists of two identical circular segments.

  2. Determine the angle subtended by the chord at the center of one circle.

    Consider one circle with center O1O_1. The radii O1PO_1P and O1QO_1Q are both equal to the radius r=8.75r = 8.75 cm.
    The common chord PQ is also 8.75 cm.
    Therefore, the triangle △O1PQ\triangle O_1PQ has sides O1P=O1Q=PQ=8.75O_1P = O_1Q = PQ = 8.75 cm. This means △O1PQ\triangle O_1PQ is an equilateral triangle.
    The angle subtended by the chord PQ at the center O1O_1 is θ=∠PO1Q=60∘\theta = \angle PO_1Q = 60^\circ.
    In radians, θ=60∘×π180∘=π3\theta = 60^\circ \times \frac{\pi}{180^\circ} = \frac{\pi}{3} radians.

  3. Calculate the area of the sector O1PQO_1PQ.

    The area of a sector is given by the formula Asector=12r2θA_{sector} = \frac{1}{2}r^2\theta.

    Asector=12(8.75)2(π3)A_{sector} = \frac{1}{2}(8.75)^2\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) Asector=76.5625π6 cm2A_{sector} = \frac{76.5625\pi}{6} \text{ cm}^2
  4. Calculate the area of the triangle O1PQO_1PQ.

    Since △O1PQ\triangle O_1PQ is an equilateral triangle with side length s=8.75s = 8.75 cm, its area is given by Atriangle=34s2A_{triangle} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2.

    Atriangle=34(8.75)2A_{triangle} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(8.75)^2 Atriangle=76.562534 cm2A_{triangle} = \frac{76.5625\sqrt{3}}{4} \text{ cm}^2
  5. Calculate the area of one circular segment.

    The area of one circular segment is the area of the sector minus the area of the triangle.

    Asegment=Asector−AtriangleA_{segment} = A_{sector} - A_{triangle} Asegment=76.5625π6−76.562534A_{segment} = \frac{76.5625\pi}{6} - \frac{76.5625\sqrt{3}}{4} Asegment=76.5625(π6−34) cm2A_{segment} = 76.5625 \left( \frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \right) \text{ cm}^2
  6. Calculate the total common area.

    The common area to the two circles is composed of two such identical segments.

    Acommon=2×AsegmentA_{common} = 2 \times A_{segment} Acommon=2×76.5625(π6−34)A_{common} = 2 \times 76.5625 \left( \frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \right) Acommon=76.5625(2π6−234)A_{common} = 76.5625 \left( \frac{2\pi}{6} - \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{4} \right) Acommon=76.5625(π3−32) cm2A_{common} = 76.5625 \left( \frac{\pi}{3} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right) \text{ cm}^2

    Now, substitute the numerical values:

    Acommon=76.5625(3.141592653−1.732050812)A_{common} = 76.5625 \left( \frac{3.14159265}{3} - \frac{1.73205081}{2} \right) Acommon=76.5625(1.04719755−0.86602540)A_{common} = 76.5625 (1.04719755 - 0.86602540) Acommon=76.5625(0.18117215)A_{common} = 76.5625 (0.18117215) Acommon≈13.86809 cm2A_{common} \approx 13.86809 \text{ cm}^2

    Rounding to two decimal places:

    Acommon≈13.87 cm2A_{common} \approx 13.87 \text{ cm}^2

    The area common to the two circles is 13.87 cm2\text{13.87 cm}^2.

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