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Find the values of k and p given that line L1 (6x + 2y + 5k = 0) passes through (-3, -1) and is perpendicular to L2 (2px + 9y = 10). Also, find the equation of line L3 parallel to L2.

Mathematics

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Answers

3 parts
a

k=4k = 4

p=−32p = -\frac{3}{2}

b

x−3y=c(where c is a constant)x - 3y = c \quad (\text{where } c \text{ is a constant})

c

θ≈161.57∘\theta \approx 161.57^\circ

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Part a· 4 steps

The values of kk and pp

  1. Use the fact that line L1L_1 passes through the point (−3,−1)(-3, -1) to find kk.

    The equation of line L1L_1 is 6x+2y+5k=06x + 2y + 5k = 0.
    Substitute x=−3x = -3 and y=−1y = -1 into the equation:

    6(−3)+2(−1)+5k=06(-3) + 2(-1) + 5k = 0 −18−2+5k=0-18 - 2 + 5k = 0 −20+5k=0-20 + 5k = 0 5k=205k = 20 k=205k = \frac{20}{5} k=4\boxed{k = 4}
  2. Find the gradient of line L1L_1.

    Rearrange the equation 6x+2y+5k=06x + 2y + 5k = 0 into the form y=mx+cy = mx + c:

    2y=−6x−5k2y = -6x - 5k y=−3x−5k2y = -3x - \frac{5k}{2}

    The gradient of L1L_1 is m1=−3m_1 = -3.

  3. Find the gradient of line L2L_2.

    The equation of line L2L_2 is 2px+9y=102px + 9y = 10.
    Rearrange this into the form y=mx+cy = mx + c:

    9y=−2px+109y = -2px + 10 y=−2p9x+109y = -\frac{2p}{9}x + \frac{10}{9}

    The gradient of L2L_2 is m2=−2p9m_2 = -\frac{2p}{9}.

  4. Use the condition that L1L_1 is perpendicular to L2L_2 to find pp.

    For perpendicular lines, the product of their gradients is −1-1: m1⋅m2=−1m_1 \cdot m_2 = -1.

    (−3)⋅(−2p9)=−1(-3) \cdot \left(-\frac{2p}{9}\right) = -1 6p9=−1\frac{6p}{9} = -1 2p3=−1\frac{2p}{3} = -1 2p=−32p = -3 p=−32\boxed{p = -\frac{3}{2}}

Part b

x−3y=c(where c is a constant)x - 3y = c \quad (\text{where } c \text{ is a constant})

The equation of a line L3L_3 which is parallel to L2L_2 in the form ax+by=cax + by = c where a, b and c are constants.

  1. Find the gradient of line L2L_2 using the value of pp.

    The gradient of L2L_2 is m2=−2p9m_2 = -\frac{2p}{9}.
    Substitute p=−32p = -\frac{3}{2}:

    m2=−2(−32)9=−−39=39=13m_2 = -\frac{2\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)}{9} = -\frac{-3}{9} = \frac{3}{9} = \frac{1}{3}

    Since line L3L_3 is parallel to L2L_2, their gradients are equal. So, m3=13m_3 = \frac{1}{3}.

  2. Write the equation of L3L_3 in the form ax+by=cax + by = c.

    The equation of L3L_3 can be written as y=13x+Cy = \frac{1}{3}x + C, where CC is an arbitrary constant.
    To convert this to the form ax+by=cax + by = c, multiply by 3:

    3y=x+3C3y = x + 3C

    Rearrange the terms:

    x−3y=−3Cx - 3y = -3C

    Let c=−3Cc = -3C. Since CC is an arbitrary constant, cc is also an arbitrary constant.

    x−3y=c(where c is a constant)\boxed{x - 3y = c \quad (\text{where } c \text{ is a constant})}

Part c

θ≈161.57∘\theta \approx 161.57^\circ

The obtuse angle with which line L2L_2 makes with x-axis.

  1. Use the gradient of L2L_2 to find the acute angle it makes with the x-axis.

    The gradient of L2L_2 is m2=13m_2 = \frac{1}{3}.
    Let α\alpha be the acute angle the line makes with the x-axis.

    tan⁡α=m2\tan \alpha = m_2 tan⁡α=13\tan \alpha = \frac{1}{3} α=arctan⁡(13)\alpha = \arctan\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) α≈18.43∘\alpha \approx 18.43^\circ
  2. Calculate the obtuse angle.

    The obtuse angle θ\theta is 180∘−α180^\circ - \alpha.

    θ=180∘−18.43∘\theta = 180^\circ - 18.43^\circ θ≈161.57∘\boxed{\theta \approx 161.57^\circ}
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