4: The average force exerted by the golf club on the ball DECREASES.

Here's the solution for question 3.4:

3.4: The average force exerted by the golf club on the ball DECREASES.
The impulse imparted to the ball remains the same because the mass and the change in velocity (from rest to $43 \text{ m/s}$) are unchanged. Since impulse is equal to the average force multiplied by the contact time ($J = F_{avg} \Delta t$), and the contact time ($\Delta t$) increases while the impulse ($J$) remains constant, the average force ($F_{avg}$) must decrease.

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