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A particle P of mass 1 kg is subjected to a force F = [(3t2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j] N. If its velocity at t=3s is (11i + 10j) m/s, find its acceleration and velocity at time t.

Physics

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4 parts
a

(3t2−4t)i+(6t−5)j m/s2(3t^2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j \text{ m/s}^2

b

(t3−2t2+2)i+(3t2−5t−2)j m/s(t^3 - 2t^2 + 2)i + (3t^2 - 5t - 2)j \text{ m/s}

c

2 J2 \text{ J}

d

−i−4j m/s-i - 4j \text{ m/s}

Step-by-step solution

10 steps

Given:
Mass of particle P, m=1m = 1 kg.
Force F=[(3t2−4t)i+(6t−5)j]F = [(3t^2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j] N.
At t=3t=3 s, velocity v(3)=(11i+10j)v(3) = (11i + 10j) m/s.

Part a· 1 step

The acceleration of P at time tt seconds.

  1. Use Newton's second law, F=maF = ma.

    Since the mass m=1m = 1 kg, the acceleration aa is equal to the force FF.

    a(t)=F(t)a(t) = F(t) a(t)=(3t2−4t)i+(6t−5)j m/s2a(t) = (3t^2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j \text{ m/s}^2

    The acceleration of P at time tt is (3t2−4t)i+(6t−5)j m/s2\boxed{(3t^2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j \text{ m/s}^2}.

Part b

(t3−2t2+2)i+(3t2−5t−2)j m/s(t^3 - 2t^2 + 2)i + (3t^2 - 5t - 2)j \text{ m/s}

The velocity of P at time tt seconds.

  1. Integrate the acceleration vector to find the velocity vector.

    v(t)=∫a(t) dtv(t) = \int a(t)\,dt v(t)=∫[(3t2−4t)i+(6t−5)j] dtv(t) = \int [(3t^2 - 4t)i + (6t - 5)j]\,dt v(t)=(∫(3t2−4t) dt)i+(∫(6t−5) dt)jv(t) = \left(\int (3t^2 - 4t)\,dt\right)i + \left(\int (6t - 5)\,dt\right)j v(t)=(t3−2t2+C1)i+(3t2−5t+C2)jv(t) = (t^3 - 2t^2 + C_1)i + (3t^2 - 5t + C_2)j

    Let C=C1i+C2jC = C_1 i + C_2 j be the constant of integration.

    v(t)=(t3−2t2)i+(3t2−5t)j+Cv(t) = (t^3 - 2t^2)i + (3t^2 - 5t)j + C
  2. Use the given initial condition to find the constant of integration CC.

    We are given that v(3)=(11i+10j)v(3) = (11i + 10j) m/s. Substitute t=3t=3 into the velocity equation:

    v(3)=(33−2(3)2)i+(3(3)2−5(3))j+Cv(3) = (3^3 - 2(3)^2)i + (3(3)^2 - 5(3))j + C v(3)=(27−18)i+(27−15)j+Cv(3) = (27 - 18)i + (27 - 15)j + C v(3)=9i+12j+Cv(3) = 9i + 12j + C

    Equate this to the given velocity at t=3t=3:

    11i+10j=9i+12j+C11i + 10j = 9i + 12j + C C=(11i+10j)−(9i+12j)C = (11i + 10j) - (9i + 12j) C=(11−9)i+(10−12)jC = (11 - 9)i + (10 - 12)j C=2i−2jC = 2i - 2j
  3. Substitute CC back into the velocity equation.

    v(t)=(t3−2t2)i+(3t2−5t)j+(2i−2j)v(t) = (t^3 - 2t^2)i + (3t^2 - 5t)j + (2i - 2j) v(t)=(t3−2t2+2)i+(3t2−5t−2)j m/sv(t) = (t^3 - 2t^2 + 2)i + (3t^2 - 5t - 2)j \text{ m/s}

    The velocity of P at time tt is (t3−2t2+2)i+(3t2−5t−2)j m/s\boxed{(t^3 - 2t^2 + 2)i + (3t^2 - 5t - 2)j \text{ m/s}}.

Part c

2 J2 \text{ J}

The kinetic energy of P when it is moving parallel to the vector ii.

  1. Determine the time tt when the particle is moving parallel to the vector ii.

    Moving parallel to the vector ii means the jj-component of the velocity is zero.
    From part (b), the jj-component of v(t)v(t) is (3t2−5t−2)(3t^2 - 5t - 2).
    Set this to zero:

    3t2−5t−2=03t^2 - 5t - 2 = 0

    Solve the quadratic equation for tt:

    t=−(−5)±(−5)2−4(3)(−2)2(3)t = \frac{-(-5) \pm \sqrt{(-5)^2 - 4(3)(-2)}}{2(3)} t=5±25+246t = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{25 + 24}}{6} t=5±496t = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{49}}{6} t=5±76t = \frac{5 \pm 7}{6}

    Two possible values for tt:

    t1=5+76=126=2 st_1 = \frac{5 + 7}{6} = \frac{12}{6} = 2 \text{ s} t2=5−76=−26=−13 st_2 = \frac{5 - 7}{6} = \frac{-2}{6} = -\frac{1}{3} \text{ s}

    Since time must be positive, we use t=2t=2 s.

  2. Calculate the velocity of P at t=2t=2 s.

    Substitute t=2t=2 into the velocity equation from part (b):

    v(2)=((2)3−2(2)2+2)i+(3(2)2−5(2)−2)jv(2) = ((2)^3 - 2(2)^2 + 2)i + (3(2)^2 - 5(2) - 2)j v(2)=(8−8+2)i+(12−10−2)jv(2) = (8 - 8 + 2)i + (12 - 10 - 2)j v(2)=2i+0jv(2) = 2i + 0j v(2)=2i m/sv(2) = 2i \text{ m/s}

    The magnitude of the velocity is ∣v(2)∣=22+02=4=2|v(2)| = \sqrt{2^2 + 0^2} = \sqrt{4} = 2 m/s.

  3. Calculate the kinetic energy.

    The kinetic energy KEKE is given by KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.
    Given m=1m=1 kg and v=2v=2 m/s.

    KE=12(1 kg)(2 m/s)2KE = \frac{1}{2}(1 \text{ kg})(2 \text{ m/s})^2 KE=12(1)(4)KE = \frac{1}{2}(1)(4) KE=2 JKE = 2 \text{ J}

    The kinetic energy of P when it is moving parallel to the vector ii is 2 J\boxed{2 \text{ J}}.

Part d

−i−4j m/s-i - 4j \text{ m/s}

Determine the velocity of P relative to Q at time t=2t=2.

  1. Identify the velocity of particle Q.

    Particle Q moves with velocity vQ=(3i+4j)v_Q = (3i + 4j) m/s.

  2. Identify the velocity of particle P at t=2t=2 s.

    From part (c), we found vP(2)=2iv_P(2) = 2i m/s.

  3. Calculate the velocity of P relative to Q.

    The velocity of P relative to Q is vP/Q=vP−vQv_{P/Q} = v_P - v_Q.

    vP/Q=(2i)−(3i+4j)v_{P/Q} = (2i) - (3i + 4j) vP/Q=(2−3)i+(0−4)jv_{P/Q} = (2 - 3)i + (0 - 4)j vP/Q=−1i−4j m/sv_{P/Q} = -1i - 4j \text{ m/s}

    The velocity of P relative to Q at time t=2t=2 is −i−4j m/s\boxed{-i - 4j \text{ m/s}}.

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