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Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at Node V₁.

Physics

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Answer

V1=203 VV_1 = \frac{20}{3} \text{ V}

V2=40 VV_2 = 40 \text{ V}

Step-by-step solution

3 steps
  1. Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at Node V1V_1.

    Assume currents leaving the node are positive.
    The current through the 2Ω2\Omega resistor to ground is V1−02\frac{V_1 - 0}{2}.
    The current through the 4Ω4\Omega resistor to V2V_2 is V1−V24\frac{V_1 - V_2}{4}.
    The 5A5\text{A} current source is directed from V1V_1 to V2V_2, meaning 5A5\text{A} is leaving V1V_1.
    So, KCL at V1V_1:

    V12+V1−V24+5=0\frac{V_1}{2} + \frac{V_1 - V_2}{4} + 5 = 0

    Multiply the entire equation by 4 to eliminate denominators:

    2V1+(V1−V2)+20=02V_1 + (V_1 - V_2) + 20 = 0 3V1−V2+20=03V_1 - V_2 + 20 = 0

    Equation (1):

    3V1−V2=−203V_1 - V_2 = -20
  2. Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at Node V2V_2.

    Assume currents leaving the node are positive.
    The current through the 4Ω4\Omega resistor to V1V_1 is V2−V14\frac{V_2 - V_1}{4}.
    The current through the 6Ω6\Omega resistor to ground is V2−06\frac{V_2 - 0}{6}.
    The 5A5\text{A} current source is directed from V1V_1 to V2V_2, meaning 5A5\text{A} is entering V2V_2. So, the current leaving V2V_2 due to this source is −5A-5\text{A}.
    The 10A10\text{A} current source is directed upwards into V2V_2, meaning 10A10\text{A} is entering V2V_2. So, the current leaving V2V_2 due to this source is −10A-10\text{A}.
    So, KCL at V2V_2:

    V2−V14+V26−5−10=0\frac{V_2 - V_1}{4} + \frac{V_2}{6} - 5 - 10 = 0 V2−V14+V26−15=0\frac{V_2 - V_1}{4} + \frac{V_2}{6} - 15 = 0

    Multiply the entire equation by 12 (the least common multiple of 4 and 6) to eliminate denominators:

    3(V2−V1)+2V2−180=03(V_2 - V_1) + 2V_2 - 180 = 0 3V2−3V1+2V2−180=03V_2 - 3V_1 + 2V_2 - 180 = 0 −3V1+5V2−180=0-3V_1 + 5V_2 - 180 = 0

    Equation (2):

    −3V1+5V2=180-3V_1 + 5V_2 = 180
  3. Solve the system of linear equations.

    We have two equations:

    1. 3V1−V2=−203V_1 - V_2 = -20
    2. −3V1+5V2=180-3V_1 + 5V_2 = 180

    Add Equation (1) and Equation (2):

    (3V1−V2)+(−3V1+5V2)=−20+180(3V_1 - V_2) + (-3V_1 + 5V_2) = -20 + 180 4V2=1604V_2 = 160 V2=1604V_2 = \frac{160}{4} V2=40 VV_2 = 40 \text{ V}

    Substitute the value of V2V_2 into Equation (1):

    3V1−40=−203V_1 - 40 = -20 3V1=−20+403V_1 = -20 + 40 3V1=203V_1 = 20 V1=203 VV_1 = \frac{20}{3} \text{ V}

    The node voltages are:

    V1=203 V\boxed{V_1 = \frac{20}{3} \text{ V}} V2=40 V\boxed{V_2 = 40 \text{ V}}
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