Convert given diameters to meters and calculate the areas of the pistons.

Physics

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Answer

10077.04 N\text{10077.04 N}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Convert given diameters to meters and calculate the areas of the pistons.

    The diameter of the small piston is d1=20 mm=0.02 md_1 = 20 \text{ mm} = 0.02 \text{ m}.
    The area of the small piston is:

    A1=πd124=π(0.02 m)24=π×0.0004 m24=0.0001π m2A_1 = \frac{\pi d_1^2}{4} = \frac{\pi (0.02 \text{ m})^2}{4} = \frac{\pi \times 0.0004 \text{ m}^2}{4} = 0.0001 \pi \text{ m}^2

    The diameter of the large piston is d2=100 mm=0.10 md_2 = 100 \text{ mm} = 0.10 \text{ m}.
    The area of the large piston is:

    A2=πd224=π(0.10 m)24=π×0.01 m24=0.0025π m2A_2 = \frac{\pi d_2^2}{4} = \frac{\pi (0.10 \text{ m})^2}{4} = \frac{\pi \times 0.01 \text{ m}^2}{4} = 0.0025 \pi \text{ m}^2
  2. Apply the principle of pressure balance in the hydraulic jack.

    According to Pascal's principle, the pressure at the same horizontal level in a continuous fluid is equal. Since the large piston is h=1 mh = 1 \text{ m} below the small piston, the pressure at the level of the large piston will be higher than the pressure at the level of the small piston by an amount equal to γh\gamma h, where γ\gamma is the specific weight of the liquid.
    The pressure exerted by the small piston at its level is P1=F1A1P_1 = \frac{F_1}{A_1}.
    The pressure exerted by the large piston at its level is P2=WA2P_2 = \frac{W}{A_2}.
    The pressure balance equation is:

    P2=P1+γhP_2 = P_1 + \gamma h

    Substituting the expressions for P1P_1 and P2P_2:

    WA2=F1A1+γh\frac{W}{A_2} = \frac{F_1}{A_1} + \gamma h
  3. Substitute the known values into the pressure balance equation.

    We are given F1=400 NF_1 = 400 \text{ N}, γ=9810 N/m3\gamma = 9810 \text{ N/m}^3, and h=1 mh = 1 \text{ m}.

    W0.0025π m2=400 N0.0001π m2+(9810 N/m3)(1 m)\frac{W}{0.0025 \pi \text{ m}^2} = \frac{400 \text{ N}}{0.0001 \pi \text{ m}^2} + (9810 \text{ N/m}^3)(1 \text{ m})
  4. Solve for WW.

    Multiply both sides by A2A_2:

    W=A2(F1A1+γh)W = A_2 \left( \frac{F_1}{A_1} + \gamma h \right) W=(0.0025π m2)(400 N0.0001π m2+9810 Pa)W = (0.0025 \pi \text{ m}^2) \left( \frac{400 \text{ N}}{0.0001 \pi \text{ m}^2} + 9810 \text{ Pa} \right) W=(0.0025π×4000.0001π) N+(0.0025π×9810) NW = \left(0.0025 \pi \times \frac{400}{0.0001 \pi}\right) \text{ N} + (0.0025 \pi \times 9810) \text{ N} W=(0.0025×4000.0001) N+(0.0025π×9810) NW = \left(\frac{0.0025 \times 400}{0.0001}\right) \text{ N} + (0.0025 \pi \times 9810) \text{ N} W=(10.0001) N+(0.0025π×9810) NW = \left(\frac{1}{0.0001}\right) \text{ N} + (0.0025 \pi \times 9810) \text{ N} W=10000 N+(0.0025×3.14159265×9810) NW = 10000 \text{ N} + (0.0025 \times 3.14159265 \times 9810) \text{ N} W≈10000 N+77.040 NW \approx 10000 \text{ N} + 77.040 \text{ N} W≈10077.04 NW \approx 10077.04 \text{ N}

    The weight WW that can be lifted is approximately:

    10077.04 N\text{10077.04 N}
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