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Physics

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Question 2, Part A:
A 2000 kg car is travelling at 10 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

  1. Identify the given values and the formula for kinetic energy.

    Given:
    Mass, m=2000 kgm = 2000 \text{ kg}
    Velocity, v=10 m/sv = 10 \text{ m/s}
    The formula for kinetic energy is KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.

  2. Substitute the values into the formula and calculate.

    KE=12×2000 kg×(10 m/s)2KE = \frac{1}{2} \times 2000 \text{ kg} \times (10 \text{ m/s})^2 KE=12×2000 kg×100 m2/s2KE = \frac{1}{2} \times 2000 \text{ kg} \times 100 \text{ m}^2/\text{s}^2 KE=1000×100 JKE = 1000 \times 100 \text{ J} KE=100000 JKE = 100000 \text{ J} KE=100 kJKE = 100 \text{ kJ}

    The kinetic energy of the car is 100000 J\boxed{100000 \text{ J}}.

    Question 2, Part B:
    The car then accelerates to 20 m/s. Calculate the increase in kinetic energy.

  3. Calculate the initial kinetic energy (KE1KE_1) and the final kinetic energy (KE2KE_2).

    From Part A, initial kinetic energy (KE1KE_1) when v1=10 m/sv_1 = 10 \text{ m/s} is 100000 J100000 \text{ J}.
    For final kinetic energy (KE2KE_2):
    Mass, m=2000 kgm = 2000 \text{ kg}
    Final velocity, v2=20 m/sv_2 = 20 \text{ m/s}

    KE2=12mv22KE_2 = \frac{1}{2}mv_2^2 KE2=12×2000 kg×(20 m/s)2KE_2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 2000 \text{ kg} \times (20 \text{ m/s})^2 KE2=12×2000 kg×400 m2/s2KE_2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 2000 \text{ kg} \times 400 \text{ m}^2/\text{s}^2 KE2=1000×400 JKE_2 = 1000 \times 400 \text{ J} KE2=400000 JKE_2 = 400000 \text{ J}
  4. Calculate the increase in kinetic energy (ΔKE\Delta KE).

    ΔKE=KE2−KE1\Delta KE = KE_2 - KE_1 ΔKE=400000 J−100000 J\Delta KE = 400000 \text{ J} - 100000 \text{ J} ΔKE=300000 J\Delta KE = 300000 \text{ J}

    The increase in kinetic energy is 300000 J\boxed{300000 \text{ J}}.

    Question 2, Part C:
    If the car takes 5 seconds to accelerate from 10 m/s to 20 m/s, calculate the power developed by the engine.

  5. Identify the work done (which is the increase in kinetic energy) and the time taken.

    Work done, W=ΔKE=300000 JW = \Delta KE = 300000 \text{ J} (from Part B)
    Time, t=5 st = 5 \text{ s}
    The formula for power is P=WtP = \frac{W}{t}.

  6. Substitute the values into the formula and calculate.

    P=300000 J5 sP = \frac{300000 \text{ J}}{5 \text{ s}} P=60000 WP = 60000 \text{ W} P=60 kWP = 60 \text{ kW}

    The power developed by the engine is 60000 W\boxed{60000 \text{ W}}.

    Question 3, Part A:
    A 50 kg mass is lifted vertically by 10 m. Calculate the potential energy gained by the mass.

  7. Identify the given values and the formula for gravitational potential energy.

    Given:
    Mass, m=50 kgm = 50 \text{ kg}
    Height, h=10 mh = 10 \text{ m}
    Acceleration due to gravity, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 (standard value)
    The formula for potential energy is PE=mghPE = mgh.

  8. Substitute the values into the formula and calculate.

    PE=50 kg×9.8 m/s2×10 mPE = 50 \text{ kg} \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 \times 10 \text{ m} PE=490 N×10 mPE = 490 \text{ N} \times 10 \text{ m} PE=4900 JPE = 4900 \text{ J}

    The potential energy gained by the mass is 4900 J\boxed{4900 \text{ J}}.

    Question 3, Part B:
    If the mass is lifted in 2 seconds, calculate the power required.

  9. Identify the work done (which is the potential energy gained) and the time taken.

    Work done, W=PE=4900 JW = PE = 4900 \text{ J} (from Part A)
    Time, t=2 st = 2 \text{ s}
    The formula for power is P=WtP = \frac{W}{t}.

  10. Substitute the values into the formula and calculate.

    P=4900 J2 sP = \frac{4900 \text{ J}}{2 \text{ s}} P=2450 WP = 2450 \text{ W}

    The power required is 2450 W\boxed{2450 \text{ W}}.

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