Hydro-electric power (HEP) stations in Kenya:
This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.

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Here are the details regarding Hydro-electric power (HEP) in Kenya from the image:
Hydro-electric power (HEP) stations in Kenya: River Tana and its seven forks dams produce the highest amount of HEP in Kenya. The stations include: • Kindaruma • Gitaru • Masinga • Kamburu • Kiambere • Tana • Turkwel
Physical factors that favored the development of the seven forks hydro-electric power projects (KCSE 2021): i) Presence of large volume of water from River Tana and its tributaries to provide water to drive the turbines. ii) Regular/constant flow of River Tana which enabled continuous production of electricity. iii) Presence of hard basement rock along the site which provided a firm foundation for the dams. iv) Availability of enough space for construction of dams/reservoirs due to low population in the area. v) Presence of waterfalls/rapids/steep gradient which provided sufficient hydraulic force to turn the turbines. vi) Presence of impervious rock which prevents seepage of water underground. vii) Presence of a gorge/deep valley which reduced the cost in construction of dam.
Human factors that favoured the development of the seven forks hydro-electric power projects: i) Adequate capital for construction and maintenance of HEP projects. ii) High demand for electricity for industrial and domestic use. iii) Sparse population in an area to minimize the cost of relocating people.
Benefits of the dams along the River Tana (KCSE 2016): i) It provides electric power for both industrial/domestic use. ii) The reservoirs provide water for domestic use/industrial use/irrigation. iii) The dams/reservoirs are tourist attractions earning a country foreign exchange. iv) The reservoirs are fresh water fisheries promoting fishing. v) The reservoirs modify local climate. vi) The dams act as bridges across the river thus promoting road transport. vii) The dams and reservoirs control floods downstream.
Other HEP projects in Kenya include: • Turkwel Gorge on River Turkwel. • Sondu – Miriu project on River Sondu.
Problems that affect the production of power along River Tana (KCSE 2016): • Fluctuations of water levels in the reservoirs leads to the rationing of power. • Inadequate capital for maintenance/high cost of dredging/expansion.
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