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Which of the following thermometric liquids is suitable for a liquid-in-glass thermometer used in the Antarctic region?

Physics

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Step-by-step solution

6 steps
  1. Convert the ionization energy from J/mol to J/atom.

    The given ionization energy is for one mole of Titanium atoms. To find the energy required to ionize a single atom, we divide by Avogadro's number (NAN_A).

    Eatom=EmolNAE_{atom} = \frac{E_{mol}}{N_A} Eatom=6.36×105 J/mol6.02×1023 mol−1E_{atom} = \frac{6.36 \times 10^5 \text{ J/mol}}{6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1}} Eatom=1.056478×10−18 JE_{atom} = 1.056478 \times 10^{-18} \text{ J}
  2. Use the relationship between energy, Planck's constant, speed of light, and wavelength.

    The energy of a photon (EE) is related to its wavelength (λ\lambda), Planck's constant (hh), and the speed of light (cc) by the formula:

    E=hcλE = \frac{hc}{\lambda}
  3. Rearrange the formula to solve for the wavelength (λ\lambda).

    λ=hcEatom\lambda = \frac{hc}{E_{atom}}
  4. Substitute the values and calculate the wavelength.

    h=6.63×10−34 Jsh = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ Js} c=3.0×108 m/sc = 3.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s} Eatom=1.056478×10−18 JE_{atom} = 1.056478 \times 10^{-18} \text{ J} λ=(6.63×10−34 Js)×(3.0×108 m/s)1.056478×10−18 J\lambda = \frac{(6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ Js}) \times (3.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s})}{1.056478 \times 10^{-18} \text{ J}} λ=1.989×10−25 Jm1.056478×10−18 J\lambda = \frac{1.989 \times 10^{-25} \text{ Jm}}{1.056478 \times 10^{-18} \text{ J}} λ=1.8826×10−7 m\lambda = 1.8826 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m}
  5. Convert the wavelength from meters to nanometers (nm).

    Since 1 nm=10−9 m1 \text{ nm} = 10^{-9} \text{ m}:

    λ=1.8826×10−7 m×1 nm10−9 m\lambda = 1.8826 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m} \times \frac{1 \text{ nm}}{10^{-9} \text{ m}} λ=188.26 nm\lambda = 188.26 \text{ nm}
  6. Compare the calculated wavelength with the given options.

    The calculated wavelength is approximately 188.3 nm188.3 \text{ nm}.
    A. 0.188 nm0.188 \text{ nm}
    B. 1.88 nm1.88 \text{ nm}
    C. 18.8 nm18.8 \text{ nm}
    D. 188.0 nm188.0 \text{ nm}

    The closest option is D.

    The final answer is D. 188.0 nm\boxed{\text{D. } 188.0 \text{ nm}}.

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