Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. This sudden change in momentum creates a shockwave that travels through the pip

Causes of water hammer:

• Sudden closure of valves: Quick-closing valves, like those in washing machines or dishwashers, abruptly stop water flow.
• High water pressure: Excessive pressure in the plumbing system can exacerbate the effect of sudden flow changes.
• Long pipe runs: Longer pipes allow more momentum to build up in the water, leading to a stronger surge when stopped.
• Loose pipes: Pipes that are not properly secured can vibrate and bang against surrounding structures during a water hammer event.

Remedies of water hammer:

• Install water hammer arrestors: These devices absorb the shockwave by providing an air cushion or spring mechanism.
• Use slow-closing valves: Replacing quick-closing valves with slower-acting ones reduces the abruptness of flow stoppage.
• Reduce water pressure: Installing a pressure reducing valve (PRV) can lower overall system pressure.
• Secure pipes: Properly fastening pipes with clamps and hangers prevents them from moving and banging.