9. The Health Belief Model was developed by ________ in the prevention and intervention. appraisal. 12. Experiences of stress involve an assessment process called cognitive appraisal, a mental respond when they become ill. 10. involves understanding the 1. -------------------------------- psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become il, and how they 11. While focused on maintaining health and preventing illness year in healthy individuals focused on treatment, as well as process by which people assess two factors. List and explain the two forms of cognitive 13. List and explain three ways in which adherence to treatment regimen can be improved.
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9. The Health Belief Model was developed by Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels in the 1950s.
10. Health Psychology involves understanding the psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond when they become ill.
11. While Health Psychology focused on maintaining health and preventing illness, Behavioral Medicine focused on treatment, as well as how people respond when they become ill. (The "year _______ _" part of the question is unclear or missing information.)
12. Experiences of stress involve an assessment process called cognitive appraisal, a mental process by which people assess two factors. The two forms of cognitive appraisal are:
Primary Appraisal: This is the initial assessment of a situation to determine if it is irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful. If it's deemed stressful, it's further evaluated for potential harm/loss, threat (potential future harm), or challenge (potential for growth).
Secondary Appraisal: This involves assessing one's coping resources and options for dealing with the stressor. It's an evaluation of what can be done to manage the situation, including internal resources (e.g., willpower, skills) and external resources (e.g., social support, money).
13. Three ways in which adherence to a treatment regimen can be improved are:
Education and Communication: Providing clear, understandable information about the illness, the treatment plan, its benefits, and potential side effects. This includes using plain language, visual aids, and ensuring the patient has opportunities to ask questions and express concerns.
Simplifying Regimens: Making treatment plans as straightforward as possible, for example, by reducing the number of daily doses, combining medications, or integrating the regimen into existing daily routines. This reduces the burden on the patient.
Social Support and Monitoring: Encouraging family involvement, connecting patients with support groups, or using technology (e.g., medication reminders, health apps) to help patients remember and track their adherence. Regular follow-up and positive reinforcement from healthcare providers also play a crucial role.
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