Deviant behavior refers to actions or behaviors that violate social norms, expectations, or rules within a given society or group, often leading to disapproval, stigma, or sanction. It is behavior that departs from what is considered normal or acceptable. Here are four ways of defining deviant behavior: 1. Statistical definition: This approach defines deviance as any behavior that is statistically uncommon or rare within a population. For example, being exceptionally gifted or having an unusual hobby could be considered statistically deviant, even if not harmful. 2. Absolutist definition: This perspective views deviance as inherently wrong or immoral, based on universal moral principles or natural laws, regardless of cultural context. Certain acts are seen as intrinsically bad, such as murder or theft, across all societies. 3. Relativist definition: This approach argues that deviance is not inherent in an act itself but is defined by society's reactions and interpretations, making it context-dependent. What is considered deviant in one culture or time period may be acceptable in another. 4. Societal reaction/Labeling definition: This perspective focuses on how society's response to an act, rather than the act itself, determines whether it is considered deviant. An act becomes deviant when others label it as such, and the application of a deviant label can significantly impact an individual's identity and future behavior.