Here is the completed table showing the effect of the transactions on the accounting equation:
| No. | Source document | ASSETS (+/-) | EQUITY (+/-) | LIABILITIES (+/-) |
| :-- | :---------------------- | :----------- | :----------- | :---------------- |
| 1 | Invoice/EFT confirmation | R0 | R0 | R0 |
| 2 | EFT confirmation | -R4 900 | -R4 900 | R0 |
| 3 | Wage register | -R3 000 | -R3 000 | R0 |
| 4 | Bank statement | -R250 | -R250 | R0 |
| 5 | EFT confirmation | -R3 500 | R0 | -R3 500 |
Here's a step-by-step explanation for each transaction:
Step 1: Transaction 1 - Buy a secondhand vehicle at VW Motors for R38 000.
- Source document: An Invoice from VW Motors for the purchase and an EFT confirmation (or cheque counterfoil) for the payment.
- Assets: The asset 'Vehicle' increases by R38 000, and the asset 'Bank' (cash) decreases by R38 000. The net effect on total assets is R0.
- Equity: No change.
- Liabilities: No change.
- Accounting Equation: ΔAssets=R0, ΔEquity=R0, ΔLiabilities=R0. (R0 = R0 + R0)
Step 2: Transaction 2 - Transfer R4 900 electronically to Alta Offices for the rental of the office building.
- Source document: An EFT confirmation or Bank statement confirms the electronic transfer.
- Assets: The asset 'Bank' (cash) decreases by R4 900.
- Equity: Rent is an expense, which decreases owner's equity by R4 900.
- Liabilities: No change.
- Accounting Equation: ΔAssets=-R4 900, ΔEquity=-R4 900, ΔLiabilities=R0. (-R4 900 = -R4 900 + R0)
Step 3: Transaction 3 - Pay wages by making a cash withdrawal of R3 000.
- Source document: A Wage register records the payment of wages, and a Cheque counterfoil (if withdrawing from the bank) or cash slip.
- Assets: The asset 'Cash' (or Bank, if withdrawn from bank) decreases by R3 000.
- Equity: Wages are an expense, which decreases owner's equity by R3 000.
- Liabilities: No change.
- Accounting Equation: ΔAssets=-R3 000, ΔEquity=-R3 000, ΔLiabilities=R0. (-R3 000 = -R3 000 + R0)
Step 4: Transaction 4 - The Bank statement received from South Bank shows bank charges of R250.
- Source document: A Bank statement is the official document showing bank charges.
- Assets: The asset 'Bank' (cash) decreases by R250.
- Equity: Bank charges are an expense, which decreases owner's equity by R250.
- Liabilities: No change.
- Accounting Equation: ΔAssets=-R250, ΔEquity=-R250, ΔLiabilities=R0. (-R250 = -R250 + R0)
Step 5: Transaction 5 - Repay the loan by means of an electronic transfer of R3 500.
- Source document: An EFT confirmation or Bank statement confirms the electronic transfer.
- Assets: The asset 'Bank' (cash) decreases by R3 500.
- Equity: No change.
- Liabilities: The liability 'Loan' decreases by R3 500.
- Accounting Equation: ΔAssets=-R3 500, ΔEquity=R0, ΔLiabilities=-R3 500. (-R3 500 = R0 + -R3 500)
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