10. a) The material that strengthens xylem vessels is lignin.
This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
ScanSolve AI Answer
10. a) The material that strengthens xylem vessels is lignin.
b) The tissue that is removed when the bark of the dicotyledonous stem is ringed is phloem.
11. a) During the light stage of photosynthesis:
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
Water molecules are split (photolysis) into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen gas.
Light energy is converted into chemical energy, forming ATP and NADPH.
b) The end products of the light stage are ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas ($O_2$).
12. Two factors affecting enzymatic activities are:
Temperature*
pH*
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