a) (i) Two examples of stem tubers cultivated in Ghana are:

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Here are the solutions to the questions:

a) (i) Two examples of stem tubers cultivated in Ghana are:

Yam
Potato

a) (ii) Two examples of root tubers cultivated in Ghana are:

Cassava
Sweet potato

a) (iii) Two examples of legumes cultivated in Ghana are:

Groundnut (Peanut)
Cowpea

b) (i) Saponification is the chemical reaction in which an ester (typically a triglyceride, which is a fat or oil) reacts with a strong base (like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to produce a soap (a fatty acid salt) and glycerol.

b) (ii) When brine (a concentrated sodium chloride solution) is added to the products of saponification, the soap precipitates out as a solid. This process is known as "salting out."

c) (i) A reflex action is an involuntary, rapid, and automatic response of the body to a stimulus, which does not involve conscious thought or control from the brain. It is mediated by a reflex arc.

c) (ii) Three examples of reflex actions in the human body are:

Knee-jerk reflex (patellar reflex)
Blinking when an object approaches the eye
Withdrawal of a hand from a hot object

d) (i) The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. The total energy in an isolated system remains constant.

d) (ii) To calculate the velocity of the block, we use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy. The potential energy at height $h$ is converted into kinetic energy just before it touches the ground.

State the formula for potential and kinetic energy.
Potential energy (PE) $= mgh$
Kinetic energy (KE) $= \frac{1}{2}mv^2$
Apply the law of conservation of energy.
Initial PE at height $h$ = Final KE just before touching the ground
$mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$
Substitute the given values into the equation.
Given: $m = 25 \text{ kg}$ , $h = 10 \text{ m}$ , $g = 10 \text{ m s}^{-2}$ .
Since mass $m$ appears on both sides, it cancels out:
$gh = \frac{1}{2}v^2$ $10 \text{ m s}^{-2} \times 10 \text{ m} = \frac{1}{2}v^2$ $100 \text{ m}^2 \text{ s}^{-2} = \frac{1}{2}v^2$
Solve for $v$ .
$v^2 = 2 \times 100 \text{ m}^2 \text{ s}^{-2}$ $v^2 = 200 \text{ m}^2 \text{ s}^{-2}$ $v = \sqrt{200 \text{ m}^2 \text{ s}^{-2}}$ $v = \sqrt{100 \times 2} \text{ m s}^{-1}$ $v = 10\sqrt{2} \text{ m s}^{-1}$ $v \approx 14.14 \text{ m s}^{-1}$
The velocity of the block just before it touches the ground is $\boxed{\text{14.14 m s}^{-1}\text{}}$ (or $10\sqrt{2} \text{ m s}^{-1}$ ).

A) (i) Two examples of stem tubers cultivated in Ghana are:

Step-by-step solution

State the formula for potential and kinetic energy.

Apply the law of conservation of energy.

Substitute the given values into the equation.

Solve for $v$ .

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