Explain breeding systems and genetic modification, including advantages and disadvantages.

Morning — let's get this done. 4.7.1 a) Breeding system 1 involves crossing two different breeds (Afrikaner and Hereford). Cross-breeding* b) The crossing of Holstein (bull 1) with Holstein (heifer 2) in breeding system 2 involves mating closely related individuals of the same breed. Inbreeding* 4.7.2 Breeding system 1 involves crossing two distinct breeds, which is known to promote heterosis (hybrid vigor). Breeding system 1* 4.7.3 Two disadvantages of inbreeding are: • Increased risk of expressing deleterious recessive genes, leading to genetic disorders. • Reduced genetic diversity, making populations more vulnerable to environmental changes or diseases. 4.8.1 Two health benefits of genetically modified crops are: • Enhanced nutritional value, such as crops fortified with vitamins or minerals (e.g., Golden Rice with Vitamin A). • Reduced exposure to pesticides due to crops being engineered for pest resistance. 4.8.2 Two aims of genetic modification in animals are: • To improve growth rates and meat production efficiency. • To enhance disease resistance, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. Send me the next one 📸