Explain the process of plant genetic engineering, its risks, and describe a genetically modified organism (Organism C) with its benefits in crop production.

4.1.2. Two main risks of the process are:

• The potential for allergic reactions in humans due to new proteins produced by the modified organism.
• The possibility of gene flow to wild relatives, leading to the creation of herbicide-resistant superweeds or affecting biodiversity.

4.1.3. Organism C is a Genetically Modified Plant or Transgenic Plant.

4.1.4. Three useful characteristics of organism C in crop production are:

• Pest resistance, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
• Herbicide tolerance, allowing farmers to use specific herbicides without harming the crop.
• Improved nutritional value, such as increased vitamin content.