How can polar bear survive in cold region?

Their primary adaptations include:

• Thick Layer of Blubber: An insulating layer of fat, up to 11 cm thick, provides excellent thermal insulation and acts as an energy reserve.
• Dense Fur: They have two layers of fur: a dense undercoat and long, hollow guard hairs. This fur traps a layer of air close to their body, providing superior insulation and helping them stay dry. The hollow hairs also add buoyancy in water.
• Small Surface Area to Volume Ratio: Their compact body shape, short tails, and small ears minimize heat loss.
• Large Paws: Their large, padded paws with rough soles and non-retractable claws provide traction on ice and snow and help distribute their weight.
• Countercurrent Heat Exchange: A specialized circulatory system in their limbs allows heat from arterial blood to be transferred to venous blood returning to the body, minimizing heat loss from their extremities.
• Behavioral Adaptations: They may dig snow dens for shelter during severe weather and reduce activity levels to conserve energy.