Differentiate between hypogeal and epigeal germination

Biology

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Hypogeal germination is a type of germination where the cotyledons (seed leaves) remain below the ground after the seedling emerges. The hypocotyl (the part of the stem below the cotyledons) elongates and pushes the plumule (embryonic shoot) upwards, while the cotyledons stay in the soil, often shriveling as they provide stored food.

Epigeal germination is a type of germination where the cotyledons are lifted above the ground by the elongation of the hypocotyl. In this type, the cotyledons emerge from the soil and may become green and photosynthetic for a short period before the true leaves develop.

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