Annotate the structure of a maize and a bean germinating seed

Biology

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A germinating maize seed (monocot) and a bean seed (dicot) have distinct structures.

Maize Seed (Monocot):

  1. Pericarp and Seed Coat: Fused outer layer, protective.
  2. Endosperm: Large starchy tissue, primary food source.
  3. Scutellum (Cotyledon): Thin, shield-shaped structure that absorbs food from the endosperm and transfers it to the embryo.
  4. Coleoptile: Protective sheath covering the plumule (embryonic shoot).
  5. Plumule: Contains the embryonic leaves and stem.
  6. Radicle: Embryonic root, covered by the coleorhiza (protective sheath).

Bean Seed (Dicot):

  1. Seed Coat (Testa): Outer protective layer, often two-layered.
  2. Hilum: Scar where the seed was attached to the ovary wall.
  3. Micropyle: Small pore near the hilum, allows water entry.
  4. Embryo: Consists of:
    • Two large Cotyledons: Fleshy structures storing food (starch, proteins, oils).
    • Embryonic Axis:
      • Plumule: Develops into the shoot (stem and leaves).
      • Radicle: Develops into the root.
      • Hypocotyl: Connects the cotyledons to the radicle.
      • Epicotyl: Part of the embryonic axis above the cotyledons.
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