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Given one root is x1 = -2 + i.

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Answer

-2+i, -2-i, i, -i

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Identify the conjugate root.

    Since the polynomial P(x)=x4+4x3+6x2+4x+5P(x) = x^4 + 4x^3 + 6x^2 + 4x + 5 has real coefficients, if a complex number is a root, its complex conjugate must also be a root.
    Given one root is x1=−2+ix_1 = -2 + i.
    Therefore, its conjugate x2=−2−ix_2 = -2 - i is also a root.

  2. Form a quadratic factor from these two roots.

    A quadratic factor corresponding to these roots is (x−x1)(x−x2)(x - x_1)(x - x_2).

    (x−(−2+i))(x−(−2−i))(x - (-2 + i))(x - (-2 - i)) =((x+2)−i)((x+2)+i)= ((x+2) - i)((x+2) + i)

    This is in the form (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b) = a^2 - b^2, where a=(x+2)a = (x+2) and b=ib = i.

    =(x+2)2−i2= (x+2)^2 - i^2 =(x2+4x+4)−(−1)= (x^2 + 4x + 4) - (-1) =x2+4x+4+1= x^2 + 4x + 4 + 1 =x2+4x+5= x^2 + 4x + 5
  3. Divide the original polynomial by this quadratic factor.

    We perform polynomial long division of P(x)=x4+4x3+6x2+4x+5P(x) = x^4 + 4x^3 + 6x^2 + 4x + 5 by (x2+4x+5)(x^2 + 4x + 5).

    \multicolumn2rx2+0x+1\cline2−7x2+4x+5x4+4x3+6x2+4x+5\multicolumn2r−(x4+4x3+5x2)\cline2−4\multicolumn2r00x2+4x+5\multicolumn2r\multicolumn2r−(x2+4x+5)\cline4−6\multicolumn2r\multicolumn2r000\begin{array}{c|cc cc cc} \multicolumn{2}{r}{x^2} & +0x & +1 \\ \cline{2-7} x^2+4x+5 & x^4 & +4x^3 & +6x^2 & +4x & +5 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{-(x^4} & +4x^3 & +5x^2) \\ \cline{2-4} \multicolumn{2}{r}{0} & 0 & x^2 & +4x & +5 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & \multicolumn{2}{r}{-(x^2} & +4x & +5) \\ \cline{4-6} \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & \multicolumn{2}{r}{0} & 0 & 0 \\ \end{array}

    The quotient is x2+1x^2 + 1.
    So, P(x)=(x2+4x+5)(x2+1)P(x) = (x^2 + 4x + 5)(x^2 + 1).

  4. Find the roots of the remaining quadratic factor.

    Set the remaining factor equal to zero:

    x2+1=0x^2 + 1 = 0 x2=−1x^2 = -1 x=±−1x = \pm\sqrt{-1} x=±ix = \pm i

    So, the other two roots are x3=ix_3 = i and x4=−ix_4 = -i.

  5. List all the roots.

    The roots of the polynomial equation are −2+i-2+i, −2−i-2-i, ii, and −i-i.

    The roots of the polynomial equation are −2+i,−2−i,i,−i-2+i, -2-i, i, -i.

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