Identify fruits X and Y and describe single stem pruning, multiple stem pruning, and removal of lower leaves.

Based on the images provided:

• Fruit X is a tomato.
• Fruit Y is a pepper (also known as capsicum).

Single stem pruning involves removing all side shoots (suckers) that grow in the leaf axils, allowing the plant to grow as a single main stem. This practice concentrates the plant's energy into producing fewer, but larger, fruits.

Multiple stem pruning involves allowing a select number of side shoots (typically 2-3) to develop into additional main stems alongside the primary stem. This can lead to a higher overall yield of fruits, although individual fruits might be slightly smaller.

Removal of lower leaves involves systematically removing old, yellowing, or diseased leaves, especially those near the base of the plant. This improves air circulation around the plant, reduces the risk of fungal diseases, and directs more energy towards fruit development rather than maintaining unproductive foliage.