Identify the organelles and processes involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration, and the storage and structural carbohydrates in organisms.

Step 1: Answer question 11 i). The organelle shown is a chloroplast. Step 2: Answer question 11 ii). A: Stroma* C: Outer membrane* (or chloroplast envelope) Step 3: Answer question 11 iii). The light stage of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membranes, which are stacked into grana. The letter representing this part is G. Step 4: Answer question 11 iv). Two adaptations of the chloroplast to its function (photosynthesis) are: It contains chlorophyll* pigments to absorb light energy. It has an extensive system of thylakoid membranes* (grana) which provides a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and pigments involved in the light-dependent reactions. Step 5: Answer question 11 v). The end products of the light stage are ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. Oxygen* is released to the atmosphere as a byproduct. ATP and NADPH* are used in the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) in the stroma to synthesize glucose. Step 6: Answer question 12 a). The carbohydrate stored in animal cells is glycogen. Step 7: Answer question 12 b). The carbohydrate that makes up plant cell walls is cellulose. Step 8: Answer question 13 a). Process I: C_6H_12O_6 + C_6H_12O_6 C_12H_22O_11 + H_2O This process involves the joining of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide with the removal of a water molecule. This is a condensation reaction (or dehydration synthesis). Process II: C_12H_22O_11 + H_2O C_6H_12O_6 + C_6H_12O_6 This process involves the breaking down of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by the addition of a water molecule. This is hydrolysis.