Identify the parasite in the schematic, state its negative impact on animal production, name the intermediate host, and suggest two pasture management control measures.

here are the answers to Question 3:

3.1.1 Identify and classify the type of parasite in the above schematic representation.
The life cycle shown, involving a snail as an intermediate host and a cow as a definitive host, with stages like miracidium, cercaria, and metacercaria, is characteristic of a liver fluke.

• Identification: Liver fluke
• Classification: Endoparasite (or Trematode)

3.1.2 State ONE negative impact that the parasite in the schematic representation has on animal production.

• Reduced weight gain
• Decreased milk production
• Liver damage leading to condemnation at slaughter
• Anaemia
• Reduced fertility
• Death in severe cases Answer: Reduced weight gain (Any one of the above is acceptable)

3.1.3 Name the intermediate host in the schematic representation above.
The diagram clearly shows "Stages in snail" and "Miracidium penetrating snail shell".
Answer: Snail

3.1.4 Suggest TWO measures how pasture management can be used to control this type of parasite.

• Drainage of wet pastures to reduce snail habitats.
• Fencing off wet areas or ponds to prevent animals from grazing in areas with high snail populations.
• Rotational grazing to break the parasite's life cycle and reduce pasture contamination.
• Avoid overgrazing, which can force animals to graze closer to the ground where metacercaria are more concentrated. *Answer:

• Drain wet pastures.
• Fence off wet areas/ponds.*