List the characteristics of Fungi (ii) Draw a large labelled diagram of a mould Fungus such as Bread Mould (Rhizopus) (b) How are Fungi useful to man? (c) How would you test for the presence of reducing sugar in a piece of bread?

When a pure-breeding red pod plant is crossed with a pure-breeding green pod plant, all offspring produce red pods. This indicates that red pod colour is dominant over green pod colour.
Let R represent the dominant allele for red pods.
Let r represent the recessive allele for green pods.

• Pure-breeding red pod plant genotype: RR
• Pure-breeding green pod plant genotype: rr
• Cross: RR $\times$ rr

All F1 offspring have the genotype Rr and the phenotype red pods.

The F1 offspring (Rr) are allowed to self-pollinate.

• Cross: Rr $\times$ Rr

From the Punnett square for the F2 generation:

• Genotypic ratio: 1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr
• Phenotypic ratio: 3 Red pods : 1 Green pods

Observed results:

• Total offspring = 580 (red pods) + 206 (green pods) = 786 plants
• Expected number of red pods = $\frac{3}{4} \times 786 = 589.5 \approx 590$
• Expected number of green pods = $\frac{1}{4} \times 786 = 196.5 \approx 196$

The observed results (580 red, 206 green) are very close to the expected 3:1 phenotypic ratio (approximately 590 red, 196 green), confirming the Mendelian inheritance pattern where red is dominant over green.