Mention causes of hearing impairment

Congenital causes include genetic factors (hereditary hearing loss), complications during pregnancy or childbirth (like infections or premature birth), and certain birth defects.

Acquired causes are more varied and can include:

• Infections: Such as measles, meningitis, mumps, or ear infections (otitis media).
• Ototoxic medications: Certain drugs used to treat serious infections, cancer, or other conditions can damage the inner ear.
• Noise exposure: Prolonged exposure to loud noises, whether from occupational settings or recreational activities, can damage the delicate hair cells in the inner ear.
• Aging: Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss that typically affects higher frequencies first.
• Trauma: Head injuries or direct trauma to the ear can cause hearing loss.
• Medical conditions: Diseases like Meniere's disease, autoimmune disorders, or tumors can also lead to hearing impairment.
• Earwax blockage: Excessive earwax can temporarily block the ear canal, causing conductive hearing loss.