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Part (b) The genotype of offspring number 1 is. Part (c) The probability of having a hemophiliac son is.

Biology

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3 parts
b

XHYX^H Y

c

14\frac{1}{4}

d

Down syndrome\text{Down syndrome}

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Part b· 3 steps

  1. Identify the parents of offspring 1.

    Offspring 1 is a male. His parents are the first generation male (normal) and female (carrier).

  2. Determine the genotypes of the parents.

    Hemophilia is X-linked recessive. Let XHX^H be the allele for normal clotting and XhX^h be the allele for hemophilia.
    The normal male parent has genotype XHYX^H Y.
    The carrier female parent has genotype XHXhX^H X^h.

  3. Determine the genotype of offspring 1.

    Offspring 1 is a normal male. Males inherit YY from their father and an X chromosome from their mother. Since the father is XHYX^H Y, he passes YY. The mother is XHXhX^H X^h. For the son to be normal, he must inherit XHX^H from his mother.
    Therefore, the genotype of offspring 1 is XHYX^H Y.

    The genotype of offspring number 1 is XHY\boxed{X^H Y}.

Part c

14\frac{1}{4}

  1. Determine the genotypes of the couple.

    A carrier woman has genotype XHXhX^H X^h.
    A hemophiliac man has genotype XhYX^h Y.

  2. Set up a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of their offspring.

    Gametes from woman: XHX^H, XhX^h
    Gametes from man: XhX^h, YY

    XhYXHXHXhXHYXhXhXhXhY\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & X^h & Y \\ \hline X^H & X^H X^h & X^H Y \\ \hline X^h & X^h X^h & X^h Y \\ \hline \end{array}
  3. Identify the genotypes of sons and hemophiliac sons.

    The possible genotypes for sons are XHYX^H Y (normal male) and XhYX^h Y (hemophiliac male).

  4. Calculate the probability of having a son who is hemophiliac.

    Out of the four possible offspring genotypes, one is XhYX^h Y, which represents a hemophiliac son.
    The probability is 14\frac{1}{4}.

    The probability that the couple will have a son who is hemophiliac is 14\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}.

Part d

Down syndrome\text{Down syndrome}

One defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation is Down syndrome (Trisomy 21).

Name one defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation: Down syndrome\boxed{\text{Down syndrome}}.

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