This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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b) Step 1: Identify the parents of offspring 1. Offspring 1 is a male. His parents are the first generation male (normal) and female (carrier). Step 2: Determine the genotypes of the parents. Hemophilia is X-linked recessive. Let X^H be the allele for normal clotting and X^h be the allele for hemophilia. The normal male parent has genotype X^H Y. The carrier female parent has genotype X^H X^h. Step 3: Determine the genotype of offspring 1. Offspring 1 is a normal male. Males inherit Y from their father and an X chromosome from their mother. Since the father is X^H Y, he passes Y. The mother is X^H X^h. For the son to be normal, he must inherit X^H from his mother. Therefore, the genotype of offspring 1 is X^H Y. The genotype of offspring number 1 is X^H Y. c) Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the couple. A carrier woman has genotype X^H X^h. A hemophiliac man has genotype X^h Y. Step 2: Set up a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of their offspring. Gametes from woman: X^H, X^h Gametes from man: X^h, Y |c|c|c| & X^h & Y \\ X^H & X^H X^h & X^H Y \\ X^h & X^h X^h & X^h Y \\ Step 3: Identify the genotypes of sons and hemophiliac sons. The possible genotypes for sons are X^H Y (normal male) and X^h Y (hemophiliac male). Step 4: Calculate the probability of having a son who is hemophiliac. Out of the four possible offspring genotypes, one is X^h Y, which represents a hemophiliac son. The probability is (1)/(4). The probability that the couple will have a son who is hemophiliac is (1)/(4). d) One defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation is Down syndrome (Trisomy 21). Name one defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation: Down syndrome. Send me the next one 📸