Explain the processes of osmosis in Set-up A and Set-up B, and predict the changes in the pawpaw and solution levels.

b)

• Set-up A: Water from the distilled water will move by osmosis into the test tube, where the sugar crystals are dissolving and the pawpaw cells have a higher solute concentration. This will cause the level of the solution inside the test tube to rise. The sugar crystals will dissolve, and the unripe pawpaw will absorb water, becoming firmer (turgid).

• Set-up B: (Assuming Set-up B involves placing unripe pawpaw in a concentrated sugar solution). Water will move out of the pawpaw cells into the surrounding concentrated sugar solution by osmosis. The unripe pawpaw will lose water, becoming soft or flaccid, and its volume will decrease.

c)