Solve the Punnett square questions provided, including genotype, phenotype, and ratio calculations for inherited traits.

Here are the solutions to the questions based on the provided Punnett square:

Key:

• S = black (dominant)
• s = white (recessive)
• Q = short hair (dominant)
• q = long hair (recessive)

4.1.1. Name the genotype represented by K in the Punnett square above.
K is formed by the combination of the female gamete 'Sq' and the male gamete 'sQ'.

$$\text{Sq} + \text{sQ} = \text{SsQq}$$

The genotype represented by K is SsQq.

4.1.2. State the phenotype that could appear in L in the Punnett square above.
L is formed by the combination of the female gamete 'sQ' and the male gamete 'SQ'.

$$\text{sQ} + \text{SQ} = \text{SsQQ}$$

For the genotype SsQQ:

• 'Ss' results in black colour (S is dominant).
• 'QQ' results in short hair (Q is dominant). The phenotype that could appear in L is black and short hair.

4.1.3. Determine the ratio of white and long hair to all the possible phenotypes.
First, let's identify all the genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes from the Punnett square:

	SQ	Sq	sQ	sq
SQ	SSQQ	SSQq	SsQQ	SsQq
Sq	SSQq	SSqq	SsQq	Ssqq
sQ	SsQQ	SsQq	ssQQ	ssQq
sq	SsQq	Ssqq	ssQq	ssqq

Now, let's count the phenotypes:

• Black, Short hair (S_Q_): SSQQ (1), SSQq (2), SsQQ (2), SsQq (4) = 9 individuals
• Black, Long hair (S_qq): SSqq (1), Ssqq (2) = 3 individuals
• White, Short hair (ssQ_): ssQQ (1), ssQq (2) = 3 individuals
• White, Long hair (ssqq): ssqq (1) = 1 individual

The total number of possible phenotypes (offspring) is 16.
The number of individuals with white and long hair (ssqq) is 1.
The ratio of white and long hair to all possible phenotypes is $1:16$.

4.1.4. Calculate the percentage of black and short hair in the phenotypes.
From the phenotype count above, the number of individuals with black and short hair (S_Q_) is 9.
The total number of possible phenotypes is 16.

To calculate the percentage:

$$\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Number of black and short hair}}{\text{Total number of phenotypes}} \right) \times 100\%$$ $$\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{9}{16} \right) \times 100\%$$ $$\text{Percentage} = 0.5625 \times 100\%$$ $$\text{Percentage} = 56.25\%$$

The percentage of black and short hair in the phenotypes is $\boxed{56.25\%}$.