Steps in cell division
Biology
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Cell division involves several key steps, primarily focusing on the duplication and segregation of genetic material and cellular components.
- Interphase: This is the preparatory phase where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA (replication), and synthesizes proteins and organelles. It consists of G₁, S, and G₂ subphases.
- Mitosis (for somatic cells) or Meiosis (for gametes): This is the division of the nucleus.
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell (metaphase plate).
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids (identical copies of a chromosome) separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, and new nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromosomes.
- Cytokinesis: This is the division of the cytoplasm, which typically overlaps with telophase. The cell physically splits into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms; in plant cells, a cell plate forms.
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