This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
ScanSolve AI Answer
2. (a) Step 1: Observe the color of the universal indicator paper for buffer X in Fig. 2.1. Step 2: Compare the color of buffer X with the pH chart provided. The color for buffer X matches the color for pH 4. Step 3: Observe the color of the universal indicator paper for buffer Y in Fig. 2.1. Step 4: Compare the color of buffer Y with the pH chart provided. The color for buffer Y matches the color for pH 8. pH of buffer X: 4 pH of buffer Y: 8 2. (b) Step 1: Examine the volumes of contents in Table 2.1 for cups A, B, C, and D. Step 2: Calculate the total volume for each cup. Cup A: 25 cm^3 (fruit) + 5 cm^3 (buffer X) + 2 cm^3 (water) = 32 cm^3 Cup B: 25 cm^3 (fruit) + 5 cm^3 (buffer X) + 2 cm^3 (enzyme) = 32 cm^3 Cup C: 25 cm^3 (fruit) + 5 cm^3 (buffer Y) + 2 cm^3 (water) = 32 cm^3 Cup D: 25 cm^3 (fruit) + 5 cm^3 (buffer Y) + 2 cm^3 (enzyme) = 32 cm^3 Step 3: Notice that cups B and D contain enzyme, while cups A and C contain water instead of enzyme. The volume of enzyme and water is the same (2 cm^3). Step 4: The purpose of adding water to cups A and C is to ensure that the total volume of liquid in all cups is kept constant. This allows for a fair comparison between the experimental setups (B and D with enzyme) and the control setups (A and C without enzyme), as it maintains the same concentration of other components. Water was added to cups A and C to keep the total volume of the mixture constant (or to ensure a fair comparison/control). What's next?