Describe the symptoms shown by plants due to deficiency of: a) Magnesium ions b) Nitrate ions

Here are the symptoms shown by plants due to the deficiency of:

a) Magnesium ions
Magnesium is a key component of chlorophyll. A deficiency leads to chlorosis, which is the yellowing of leaves, particularly between the veins of older leaves, while the veins themselves often remain green. This reduces the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

b) Nitrate ions
Nitrate ions are crucial for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and chlorophyll. A deficiency results in stunted growth and a general yellowing (chlorosis) of the entire plant, especially the older leaves, as the plant cannot produce enough essential organic molecules.