The haploid number of chromosomes in humans is

Here are the solutions to the questions: 8. The gene for striped abdomen in the parents is Step 1: Analyze the diagram. The diagram shows a cross between parent F (solid abdomen) and parent G (striped abdomen). All three offspring shown have striped abdomens. Step 2: Determine the dominance. Since a cross between a solid parent and a striped parent produces only striped offspring, the striped trait must be dominant over the solid trait. Therefore, the gene for striped abdomen (present in parent G) is dominant. The correct option is B. B. dominant in G 9. The likely genotypes of the offspring are Step 1: Assign alleles based on dominance. Let 'H' represent the dominant striped allele and 'h' represent the recessive solid allele. Step 2: Determine parent genotypes. Parent F (solid) must be homozygous recessive: hh. Parent G (striped) must be homozygous dominant to produce all striped offspring: HH. Step 3: Perform the cross. Cross: hh × HH All offspring will have the genotype Hh. The correct option is B. B. Hh, Hh, Hh 10. The haploid number of chromosomes in humans is Step 1: Recall the diploid number of chromosomes in humans. Human somatic cells are diploid (2n) and contain 46 chromosomes. Step 2: Calculate the haploid number. The haploid number (n) is half of the diploid number. n = (2n)/(2) = (46)/(2) = 23. The correct option is D. D. 23 11. The cell organelle involved in photosynthesis is Step 1: Identify the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen. Step 2: Locate the site of photosynthesis. This process occurs specifically within the chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll. The correct option is B. B. chloroplast 12. Which of the following effects would be experienced by a patient whose gall bladder had been surgically removed? Reduction in the Step 1: Understand the function of the gallbladder. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, which is produced by the liver. Bile is crucial for the emulsification of fats in the small intestine, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion by lipases. Step 2: Predict the effect of gallbladder removal. Without a gallbladder, bile still reaches the small intestine, but it is less concentrated and delivered continuously rather than in concentrated amounts when needed (e.g., after a fatty meal). This primarily impairs the digestion and absorption of fats. The correct option is B. B. digestion of fats 13. The functions of carbohydrates in living organisms include the following except Step 1: Recall the primary functions of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy, provide structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants), and can be raw materials for synthesizing other molecules. Step 2: Evaluate each option. A. digesting proteins: Proteins are digested by enzymes (proteases), not carbohydrates. B. forming bones in man: Bones are primarily composed of calcium phosphate and collagen (a protein). While some carbohydrate derivatives are part of connective tissues, carbohydrates do not primarily "form" bones. C. serving as a source of raw materials: Correct, carbohydrates can be broken down to provide carbon skeletons for synthesis. D. providing energy: Correct, carbohydrates are a major energy source. Step 3: Identify the most accurate exception. Carbohydrates are not enzymes and therefore do not digest proteins. This is a clear exception to their functions. The correct option is A. A. digesting proteins 14. The energy used by a living cell is stored in the form of a bond in the Step 1: Identify the primary energy currency of the cell. The immediate source of energy for most cellular processes is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Step 2: Locate where energy is stored in ATP. Energy is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds within the ATP molecule. When these bonds are broken (e.g., ATP to ADP), energy is released. Among the given options, "phosphate" refers to these energy-rich bonds. The correct option is C. C. phosphate 15. Assimilated proteins have its disciplinary (sic) bond broken by Step 1: Interpret the question. The question likely refers to the breakdown of proteins within the body. Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Step 2: Identify the agents of protein breakdown. Enzymes, specifically proteases, are responsible for breaking the peptide bonds in proteins, breaking them down into amino acids. The correct option is A. A. enzymes 16. Two important processes in the carbon cycle are photosynthesis and Step 1: Understand the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon atoms between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms. Step 2: Identify processes involving carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Respiration, performed by living organisms, releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they break down organic molecules for energy. Both are fundamental to the carbon cycle. The correct option is B. B. respiration 17. An ecological instrument that cannot be used in a terrestrial habitat is Step 1: Define a terrestrial habitat. A terrestrial habitat is a land-based environment. Step 2: Evaluate each instrument's use. A. Hygrometer: Measures humidity (water vapor in the air), used in terrestrial habitats. B. Secchi disc: Used to measure water clarity or turbidity in aquatic environments (lakes, rivers, oceans). It cannot be used on land. C. Wind vane: Measures wind direction, used in terrestrial habitats. D. Photometer: Measures light intensity, used in terrestrial habitats. The correct option is B. B. Secchi disc 18. In which of the following habitats would a plant with sunken stomata, hairy pappus, and reduced leaves be found? Step 1: Analyze the plant adaptations. Sunken stomata*: Stomata are located in pits below the leaf surface, which traps humid air and reduces water loss through transpiration. Hairy pappus*: While pappus usually refers to seed structures, "hairy" leaves or stems can also reduce water loss by creating a boundary layer of still air and reflecting sunlight. Reduced leaves*: Minimizes the surface area exposed to the sun and wind, thereby reducing water loss. Step 2: Relate adaptations to habitat. These are all adaptations (xerophytic adaptations) that help plants conserve water in dry, arid environments. Step 3: Identify the habitat. A desert is characterized by extreme dryness and high temperatures, making these adaptations crucial for survival. The correct option is C. C. Desert Drop the next question.