The image contains multiple biology questions about animal classification (vertebrates/invertebrates) and camouflage. What are the specific questions asked?

Here are the solutions to the questions from the image:

i) Select the group of animals consists of only vertebrates.
The correct option is c.

• a. Bull (vertebrate), Snail (invertebrate), Crow (vertebrate)
• b. Butterfly (invertebrate), Sparrow (vertebrate), Bat (vertebrate)
• c. Gecko (vertebrate), Iguana (vertebrate), Crocodile (vertebrate)
• d. Crab (invertebrate), Prawn (invertebrate), Shark (vertebrate)

The group consisting of only vertebrates is Gecko, Iguana, Crocodile.

$$\boxed{\text{c. Gecko, Iguana, Crocodile}}$$

ii) Select the invertebrate;
The correct option is c.

• a. Toad (vertebrate)
• b. Sea horse (vertebrate)
• c. Prawn (invertebrate)
• d. Rat snake (vertebrate)

The invertebrate is Prawn.

$$\boxed{\text{c. Prawn}}$$

i) Name three animals showing camouflage.

• Chameleon
• Stick insect
• Arctic fox

ii) State three advantages of camouflage with examples.

1. Predator avoidance: Camouflage helps animals blend into their surroundings, making it difficult for predators to spot them.
   • Example: A chameleon changes its skin color to match the leaves or branches it is on, hiding from birds of prey.
2. Prey capture: Predators use camouflage to hide from their prey, allowing them to ambush or stalk without being detected.
   • Example: A polar bear's white fur blends with the snow, enabling it to sneak up on seals.
3. Protection of young/nests: Camouflage can protect vulnerable young or eggs by making their nesting sites less conspicuous.
   • Example: Many ground-nesting birds have speckled eggs and dull plumage that blend with the surrounding vegetation and soil.

Write two adaptations shown by the below mentioned animals, to their living environment.

• Fish:

  • Presence of fins (for movement and steering in water)
  • Streamlined shape (reduces drag for efficient movement through water)

• Whip snake:

  • Long, slender body (allows it to mimic branches and move through foliage)
  • Camouflage (green or brown coloration to blend with leaves and twigs)

• Bird:

  • Wings (for flight, enabling movement across large distances and access to food/nesting sites)
  • Hollow bones (reduces body weight, making flight more energy-efficient)

• Millipede:

  • Hard exoskeleton (provides protection from predators and prevents water loss in damp environments)
  • Many legs (allows for slow, steady movement over uneven surfaces like leaf litter)

• Mantis:

  • Camouflage (body shape and color often mimic leaves or twigs, helping it hide from prey and predators)
  • Raptorial forelegs (specialized for quickly grasping and holding prey)

• Caterpillar:

  • Mandibles (strong mouthparts for chewing and consuming plant material)
  • Camouflage (green or brown coloration to blend with the plants it feeds on)