What are the male and female factors that might be the cause of infertility?

Here are the answers to the workbook activities: Workbook activity 1: Differentiate between primary and secondary infertility. Primary infertility is when a couple has never been able to conceive a pregnancy after at least one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Secondary infertility is when a couple has been pregnant at least once in the past but is now unable to conceive again after at least one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Workbook activity 2: What are the male and female factors that might be the cause of infertility? Male Factors: Sperm disorders: Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormally shaped sperm, or no sperm production. Varicocele: Enlargement of veins within the scrotum, which can affect sperm quality. Ejaculation problems: Such as retrograde ejaculation or inability to ejaculate. Hormonal imbalances: Issues with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus affecting testosterone and sperm production. Blockages: Obstructions in the tubes that transport sperm. Genetic defects: Certain genetic conditions can impair fertility. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, exposure to toxins or high heat. Female Factors: Ovulation disorders: Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic dysfunction, or premature ovarian insufficiency that prevent regular ovulation. Fallopian tube damage or blockage: Often caused by Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), endometriosis, or previous abdominal surgery, preventing sperm from reaching the egg or the embryo from reaching the uterus. Endometriosis: A condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. Uterine or cervical factors: Uterine fibroids, polyps, abnormal uterine shape, or cervical stenosis. Age: Female fertility naturally declines with age, particularly after 35. Hormonal imbalances: Thyroid disorders or other endocrine issues. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, extreme weight loss, or high stress levels. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.