The power generating system shown is a hydroelectric power plant*.

(c)

• (i) The power generating system shown is a hydroelectric power plant.

• (ii) Water from the reservoir is released through the dam, flowing downwards and turning large turbines. These turbines are connected to generators, which convert the mechanical energy of the spinning turbines into electrical energy.

• (iii) The energy transformation is:

  $$\text{Potential energy of water} \rightarrow \text{Kinetic energy of water} \rightarrow \text{Kinetic energy of turbine} \rightarrow \text{Electrical energy}$$

• (iv) Two examples of this power generation station in Ghana are the Akosombo Dam and the Bui Dam.

• (v) The purpose of the transmission lines is to transport the generated electricity from the power station to distant substations and consumers.

(d)

• (i)

  • Sample A: Has a very slow drainage capability, as only 4 cm³ of water drained in 20 minutes.
  • Sample B: Has a very fast drainage capability, as 40 cm³ of water drained in 20 minutes.
  • Sample C: Has a moderate drainage capability, as 20 cm³ of water drained in 20 minutes.

• (ii)

  • Sample A: Clay soil (due to very slow drainage).
  • Sample B: Sandy soil (due to very fast drainage).
  • Sample C: Loamy soil (due to moderate drainage).

• (iii) Sample C (Loamy soil) is best suited for crop production.

• (iv) Three reasons why Sample C is best suited for crop production are:

  • It has good water retention properties, holding enough water for plant growth without becoming waterlogged.
  • It provides good aeration for plant roots, allowing them to breathe.
  • It has moderate drainage, preventing excess water from suffocating roots while ensuring sufficient moisture.