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What is the purpose of testing cutaneous innervation, what sensations are tested, and how is it clinically relevant for diagnosing nerve damage?
Biology
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The provided text explains the importance of understanding cutaneous innervation for physical examination.
- Purpose: Sensory testing of the upper limb skin is performed when damage to nerves from the C3 to T2 spinal segments is suspected.
- Sensations Tested: Routinely, light touch and pinprick are assessed. In special cases, temperature, two-point discrimination, and vibration are also tested.
- Diagnosis: Areas of anesthesia (loss of sensation) or paresthesia (abnormal sensation) are mapped and compared to the dermatomal distribution to identify the affected nerve segment.
- Clinical Relevance: For example, if nerve roots from C3 to T2 are compressed (e.g., due to spondylitis), pain is referred to the specific dermatomes supplied by those nerves.
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