Please answer question number one regarding grant proposals, research questions, conceptual frameworks, empirical studies, and project design.

Here are the answers for question number one:

1(a) State one problem you intend to address by requesting for a grant.

• The problem is the lack of access to quality STEM education resources and mentorship for female secondary school students in underserved urban areas.

1(b) State one research question on the problem identified in 1(a) above.

• What is the impact of a mentorship program combined with hands-on STEM workshops on the academic performance and career aspirations of female secondary school students in underserved urban areas?

1(c) Provide a semantic representation of the conceptual framework of any study of your choice.

• A conceptual framework for a study on "Factors Influencing Employee Job Satisfaction" would semantically represent that Work-Life Balance, Compensation, and Organizational Culture (independent variables) directly influence Employee Job Satisfaction (dependent variable). Employee Engagement (mediating variable) could also be influenced by these factors and, in turn, affect job satisfaction.

1(d) Why review empirical studies?

• Reviewing empirical studies helps to identify existing knowledge gaps, establish a theoretical foundation for the research, inform the methodology, and compare findings with previous research.

1(e) What is project design?

• Project design is the systematic planning process that outlines the structure, methodology, resources, and timeline required to achieve specific objectives of a research project or intervention.

1(f) In all cases, the sample of the study consists of the subjects that respond to the instrument for data collection: YES/NO

• ❌ NO

1(g) If you want to represent male and female students in the sample according to their proportion in the population, what sampling technique is appropriate?

• Stratified random sampling is appropriate.

1(h) What is one commonality between content and construct validity?

• Both content validity and construct validity are concerned with the extent to which a test or instrument accurately measures the underlying concept or domain it is designed to assess.

1(i) Give one example of internal consistency reliability technique.

• The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient is an example of an internal consistency reliability technique.

1(j) Identify one major difference between correlation and ex-post facto research designs.

• A major difference is that correlation research examines the relationship between variables without manipulating any of them, while ex-post facto research attempts to determine the causes of existing differences between groups by looking back at pre-existing conditions or events.